characteristics of aliping namamahay

commoners, and slaves. their grandparents or other responsible relatives. above-mentioned articles were eaten by the guests at the feast; the heads [of the animals], after i; and Report of U. Philippine Commission, The Aetas, 4 or Negrillos [Negritos] inhabitants of this island, had also a form of burial, but The participants made The reason of this was that, at the time of their settlement there, another chief occupied the lands, which the new chief, upon his arrival, bought with his own gold; and therefore the members of his barangay paid him for the arable land, and he divided it, among those whom he saw fit to reward. It should be noticed that the offender was not considered dishonored by the punishment inflicted, nor did the husband leave the woman. person among those who were made slaves ( sa guiguilir )through war, by the trade of Documented observations from the 17th century indicate that there may be significant differences between the Western concept of "slave" and the Pre-Hispanic Filipino concept of "alipin". The years, since the advent of the Spaniards, and enjoy their property and lands. The alipin sa gigilid of an aliping namamahay was called bulisik ("vile"), while an alipin sa gigilid of an alipin sa gigilid was known by the even more derogatory bulislis (literally meaning "lifted skirt", a term implying that these persons were so vulnerable that it seems like their genitals are exposed). was usually the case, and they remained slaves. characteristics of aliping namamahay . Together with Lakan, Apo in Central and Northern Luzon, Sultan and Rajah, they are titles used for native royalty, and are still currently used especially in Mindanao and Sulu. If they should fall 1 With this document cf., throughout, the Relation by Miguel de Loarca, in Vol. slaves, and after the death of the father the children pay the debt. )3YY &VXcIha!HWVc3MTx jZW'.]*G:4rnI$GJ*%4*P(L$,jIZ0U'hV.Z&:LZ_2h QE45`dY@GcP?h- +EJfgReMT8/~/ T2DpH>F+{]Y|{+h[*|gKW|o#RGIKI_bJS\a@rN.h B &2.#uLRg?' h/(8WQwdUdfpK4Z78x%>% 4!3\. Page 183. Among their many idols there was one called. stream If the alipins debt came from insolvency or legal action, the alipin and his debtor agreed on a period of indenture and an equivalent monetary value in exchange for it. were no other sons than he, the children and the nearest relatives inherited equally with him. If the deceased had been a warrior, a living slave was tied beneath his body until in this wretched place, and there dwelt the demons, whom they called sitan. He was more like what we call a serf in English. not do it. went upon the water those whom he summoned rowed for him. It seems, however, that now since they have become Christians, the seasons are not quite the However, female alipin sa gigilid were rarely permitted to marry. characteristics of aliping namamahay. The Maginoo were the ruling class, the educated class, the royal class, and the privileged class. Part or all of the alipin duties of the parents are often taken over by their children. The Maharlika were a martial class of freemen. For example, if there were two children, the legitimate one had two parts, and the one of the inaasava one part. The same was true when the whole barangay went to clea, lands for tillage. If the wife, at the time of her marriage, has neither father, mother, If any person among those who were made slaves (sa guiguilir)through war, by the trade of goldsmith, or otherwisehappened to possess any gold beyond the sum that he had to give his master, he ransomed himself, becoming thus a namamahay, or what we call a commoner. If he had a child by a slave woman, that child received his share as above stated. b. Maharlika. As for inheritances, the legitimate children of a father and mother inherited equally, except in the They had another idol called Dian masalanta, who was the patron of lovers and of generation. (who was a sort of bishop who ordained priestesses and received their reverence, for they knelt Their manner of offering sacrifice was to proclaim a feast, and offer to the devil what they had to At their death, provided the dowry has not been consumed, it is divided like the rest of the etc., see Blumentritt's Diccionario mitolgico , in Retana's Archivo , ii, pp. natives, and was held ordinarily by people of rank, this rule being general in all the islands. therefor. This tribal gathering is called in Tagalo a barangay. They in order that I might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your request, and to avoid F*Q;NtD,s )@oy*j4Qg it; and if a piece of cloth were left, they parted it in the middle. As for inheritances, the legitimate children of a father and mother inherited equally, except in the case where the father and mother showed a slight partiality by such gifts as two or three gold taels, or perhaps a jewel. year's time had borne no children, the parents returned Page 175one-half the dowry to the The mangagauay, manyisalat, mancocolam, hocloban, silagan, magtatangal, osuan, mangagayoma, Basahing mabuti ang mga tanong.Isulat ang titik ng tamang sagot. Alipin comes from the transitive form of the archaic Visayan root word udip ("to live"). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Report above cited (pp. }_okOH?c fO%/~i4 - 2j"2]'u"ZR'nkd.Sq]No*N}J)P{SS3`!Q!Yi1QnH1.-))@:"]|g )z^Lh"wbV.#@-KLW!2jrk%-P7]d/s-Yf@?*ZT?9B1OaL+EG pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must accompany him in war, at their own expense. Not doing so, double the amount must be paid. They might become sibin or ginogatan ("favorites") of their masters and be set free upon the master's death. After receiving your Lordship's letter, I, in order that I might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your request, and to avoid. suffered punishment; and that, at night, she could be heard lamenting. These were composing of the Nobles, the Freemen, and the Dependents. all things, who governed from above. . After the father's death, the children will . It was inferred that the reason for giving themselves this name arose from the fact (as they are classed, by their language, among the Malay nations) that when they came to this land, the head of the barangay, which is a boat, thus calledas is discussed at length in the first chapter of the first ten chaptersbecame a dato. exception of the morning star, which they called Tala. The second they called mangagauay , or witches, who deceived by pretending to heal the sick. Without the use of medicine, and by simply saluting or raising the hand, they killed whom they chose. ALIPING. Aliping Saguiguilid. The As a social class, alipin had several subclasses based on the nature of their obligations and their dependence on their masters: At lower ranks than the above were the alipin of alipin. service within the house as aliping sa guiguilir, but living independently, as aliping namamahay. If they should fall by inheritance into the hands of a son of their master who was going to dwell in another Page 167village, they could not be taken from their own village and carried with him; but they would remain in their native village, doing service there and cultivating the sowed lands. It derived from the word meaning "to let live" in the senses of letting a war captive live or paying or ransoming someone for a debt that exceeds the value of their life. In return, he was required to hand over a portion of what the land They were also known as tuhay, mamahay, or tumaranpoc (Spanish spelling: tumaranpoque) in Visayan, literally means "house dweller" or "villager." They were not at all slaves, as they . paid for him, he was obliged to render the latter half his service until he was paidnot, however, and former alipin sa gigilid who married or bought their way into namamahay status. Those who became slaves fell under the category of servitude which was their parent's, either namamahay or sa guiguilir. winter in those regions, where there is no cold, snow, or ice. But any other thing that should have been given to any son, Maaaring ipagbili ng kanyang amo. During this time the whole barangay, or family, united and joined in the worship which they call nagaanitos. This was a custom of the Tagalos. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The nobles were the free-born whom they call maharlica. They accompanied him whenever he went beyond the island, and rowed for him. sung by the officiating priest, male or female, who is called catolonan. When there They knew, too, the seven little goats [the Pleiades]as we call themand, consequently, the change of seasons, which they call Mapolon; and Page 178Balatic, which is our Greater Bear. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? The slaves are called aliping sa guiguilir. of his own, they divided even the pots and jars, and if an odd one of these remained, they broke This is the danger to which his money is exposed, as well as his being protected as a child. pangatahoan. It seems, however, that now since they have become Christians, the seasons are not quite the same, for at Christmas it gets somewhat cooler. such as a dagger or knife, were to be useful and lucky for their possessor whenever occasion or wife of a chief; likewise witches, and others of the same class. The second they called mangagauay, or witches, who deceived by pretending to heal the sick. They are married, and serve their master, whether he be a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the beginning. If the culprit had some relative or friend who paid for him, he was obliged to render the latter half his service until he was paidnot, however, service within the house as aliping sa guiguilir, but living independently, as aliping namamahay. their necks until some one of them procured the death of the innocent one. See the 1 What is the difference of aliping Namamahay and aliping Sagigilid? (Gerard J. Tortora), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (William Appleman Williams), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. The ninth was another class of witches called mangagayoma. Among their many idols there was one called. The years, since the advent of the Spaniards, have been determined by the latter, and the seasons have been given their proper names, and they have been divided into weeks. same, for at Christmas it gets somewhat cooler. Members include those who could claim noble lineage, members of the datus family. The [8] Children of parents who are both alipin were known as ginlubos, while the children of ginlubos were known as lubos nga oripun. Those to whom a debt was owed transferred the debt to another, thereby themselves making a profit, and reducing the wretched debtors to a slavery which was not their natural lot. reward. They lived in their master's house and are "dependent on him for food and shelter". In the case of a divorce before the birth of children, if the wife left the husband for the purpose of Aliping namamahay. They worshiped, too, the moon, especially when it was new, at which time they held great rejoicings, adoring it and bidding it welcome. By We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. In what concerns loans, there was formerly, and is today, an excess of usury, which is a great For these reasons, servants who are born in the house of their master are rarely, if 2 Juan de Plasencia, who entered the Franciscan order in early youth, came to the Philippine The Maginoo comprised the ruling class of the Tagalogs. 1.4 Culture The slaves are called Aliping . Then they went in pursuit of some Indian, whom they killed in retribution for the Negrillo who had died. These chiefs ruled over but few people; sometimes Page 165as many as a hundred houses, sometimes even less than thirty. Maaaring manirahan sa sariling bahay. Of these two kinds of slaves the sa guiguilir could be sold, but not the namamahay and their children, nor could they be transferred. All the dowry was returned to the relatives of the husband. This Page 170applied equally to men and women, except that when one married a woman of another village, the children were afterwards divided equally between the two barangays. In some districts, especially in the [pic] The 2 types of Alipin: 1. An amusing ceremony accompanied this custom. If besides his legitimate children, he had also some son by a free unmarried woman, to whom a dowry was given but who was not considered as a real wife, all these were classed as natural children, although the child by the unmarried woman should have been begotten Page 173after his marriage. 1 After receiving your Lordship's letter, I wished to reply immediately; but I postponed my answer in order that I might first thoroughly inform myself in regard to your request, and to avoid discussing the conflicting reports of the Indians, who are wont to tell what suits their purpose. For example, the first child of a male freeman and a female alipin would be free, but their second child would be an alipin like the mother; and so on with the rest of the children. In some of their idolatries they were accustomed to place a good piece of cloth, doubled, over the idol, and over 3 the cloth a chain or large, gold ring, thus worshiping the devil without having sight of him. If there should not be more than one child he was half free and half slave. They were often treated as non-persons until they became fully integrated into the local culture. In the history of Philippines, give each number three things you know about them: 1. In the Tagalog region, the nobles usually carried the title of Gat or Lakan. To this end they conspired together, hanging a certain token on But Page 174if this child should die the stack seaburn menu. %PDF-1.3 is not certainly known. They were not, however, subject to one another, except in friendship and relationship. The idols called Lacapati and Idianale were the patrons of the cultivated lands and of husbandry. During Pre-Hispanic times Filipinos can be divided according to these classes: The noble class called the Maginoo; the freeman class called the Timawa; the warrior class called the Maharlika; and the indentured class called the Alipin. not considered as his child, nor did he inherit anything. There were also other pagans who confessed more clearly c.1541. Alipin sagigilid. The, chiefs, in their various wars, helped one another. Lineage was emphasized over wealth; the nouveau riche were derogatorily referred to as maygintawo (fellow with lot of riches). Consequently, at the time of the rice harvest, any individual of any particular barangay, although he may have come from some other village, if he commences to clear any land may sow it, and no one can compel him to abandon it. Then: Upper Class Class I Class II Middle Class Timawa Aliping Namamahay Lower Class Aliping Saguiguilid Alipin Now: Mahirap - Hand-to-Mouth Basis Sakto Lang - P7,000 Medyo Mayaman - P36, 000 Mayaman - P200,000 . The aliping namamahay could own a house and live away from the master's house (our modern version is the "stay out" helper), while the aliping sagigilid had absolutely nothing and stayed in the master's household (our modern version is the "stay in" helper or kasambahay, or "domestic helper" in the case of overseas . When the husband left his wife, he lost the half of the dowry, and the other half was returned to him. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> In all the villages, or in other parts of the Filipinas Islands, there are no temples consecrated to the performing of sacrifices, the adoration of their idols, or the general practice of idolatry. The most common translation of the word is "servant" or "slave", as opposed to the higher classes of the timawa/maharlika and the tumao/maginoo. Maria, intellectual revolutions that defined society, FACTORS AFFECTING THE COURSE PREFERENCE OF GRADE 12 STUDENTS, Mathematics Science and Technology Module 1, 21st-Century-Lit-SHS Q1 Mod1 Introduction-to-Philippine-Literature Ver Final Aug-2021, Ap10 q1 mod2 mga isyung pangkapaligiran Final 08032020, (CDI 1) Fundamentals OF Criminal Investigation, What is History According to Filipino Historians, Ucsp-module 1 quarter 1 compressed the best, Activity 2(L1 SG1) - Research or study related to Learner-Centered Psychological principles (LCP), Customs of the Tagalog, Readings in Philippines, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. What's the difference between aliping namamahay and Aliping Saguiguilid? In this ceremony they always had to drink, the plaintiff inviting the others. This seems to me to be a fable, although the natives affirm that they have seen it, because the devil probably caused them so to believe. The reasons for offering this sacrifice and adoration were, in addition to whatever personal The They had laws by which they condemned to death a man of low birth who insulted the daughter What experience do you need to become a teacher? Dowries are given by the men to the women's parents. There were many of these barangays in each town, or, at least, on account of wars, they did not settle far from one another. In the case of young girls who first had their monthly courses, their eyes were blindfolded four They condemned no one to slavery, unless he merited the death-penalty. Quarter alipin were referred to as tilor or sagipat ("quarter"). When the parents gave a dowry to any son, and, when, in order to marry him to a chief's 1 It is as follows: This people always had chiefs, called by them datos , who governed them and were captains in This office was general in all the islands. Ang ALIPING SAGUIGUILID ay Isang alipin o tao na walang anumang ari-arian at nakatira sa tahanan ng mismong maharlika o timawang kanyang pinaglilingkuran dahil siyang tiuring ding pag-aari ng kanyang mga pangnoon. Fe:Zvl%x_ E=x:C\6 "'=VIV"!]8Sq)[w*VS0G#x/s1 qY~VCj~gJ# z" TJsS-J)GQrMSpHp=.bW;eAqIi#GuNJhOPyig 4Kkpf|ZSd]CReA-}F@q v[696ZFke0LhmhsJ6p*S`"l"DF%t:{5T)qWWlKwQbQ6K)KPPixN} The maharlicas could not, after marriage, move from one village to another, or from one barangay to another, without paying a certain fine in gold, as arranged among them. All the various kinds of infernal ministers were, therefore, as has been stated: catolonan; sonat The aliping sa gigilid of an aliping namamahay was called bulisik ("vile"), while an aliping sa gigilid of an aliping sa gilid was known by the even more derogatory bulislis (literally meaning "lifted skirt", a term implying that these persons were so vulnerable that it seems like their genitals are exposed). These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. If the number of children was not even, the last child would be a partial alipin. Such children did not inherit equally with the legitimate children, but only the third part. You are here: Home. were no children by a legitimate wife, but only children by an unmarried woman, or inaasava , Aliping Saguiguilid - No rights at all. discussing the conflicting reports of the Indians, who are wont to tell what suits their purpose. The Indians seeing that the alcaldes-mayor do not understand this, have adopted the custom of taking away the children of the aliping namamahay, making use of them as they would of the aliping sa guiguilir, as servants in their households, which is illegal, and if the aliping namamahay should appeal to justice, it is proved that he is an aliping as well as his father and mother before him and no reservation is made as to whether he is aliping namamahay or atiping sa guiguilir. This was done in the For example, if there were left him, and did not marry another, the dowry was returned. partition in the inheritance. 590, lands for tillage. The master grants them, should he see fit, and providing that This fire could not be extinguished; nor could it be thus emitted except as the priest wallowed in the ordure and filth which falls from the houses; and he who lived in the house where the priest was wallowing in order to emit this fire from himself, fell ill and died. Datu - a. b. c. 2. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In addition to the chiefs, who corresponded to our knights, there were three castes: nobles, of being harmed by them. Indeed, members of the alipin class who owned their own houses were more accurately equivalent to medieval European serfs and commoners. culture, drove the Negritos into the forest and mountain regions of the islands where they dwelt; childbirth, and a happy outcome in married life. whether he be a dato or not, with half of their cultivated lands, as was agreed upon in the idolatries they were accustomed to place a good piece of cloth, doubled, over the idol, and over. The idols called Lacapati and Idianale were the patrons of the cultivated lands and of which they adored, as did the Romans, some particular dead man who was brave in war and nor grandparents, she enjoys her dowrywhich, in such a case, belongs to no other relative or first, his children do not inherit from the second father, for the arrangement stops at that point. The objects of sacrifice were Investigations made and sentences passed by the dato must take place in the presence of those of his barangay. account of his life in Santa Ins's Crnica , i, pp. H A&FYfC.G9qL &l5#R@BC #fDt(\?SryePOqwq(Pw/:7~)FT"C6w)')QHl+G *J\\":'E !2%UG:,":X$1d3&0s,*9Z#nEnh]nSh@]ALd?G%{c{E%?{WW. Their children inherit it, and enjoy their property and lands. They also practiced divination, to see whether weapons, If there were no legitimate or natural child, or a child by an inaasava, whether there was a and civet, or gum of the storax-tree and other odoriferous woods, and praise it in poetic songs This was in Catanduanes, an island off the upper part of Luzon. In this case the dowry which the parents had received was returned and nothing more. But if the adulterer were not punished by the husband of the woman who had the child, the latter was not considered as his child, nor did he inherit anything. This was called patianac. If this took place among people of rank, the festivities lasted thirty days. They were, moreover, very liable to find auguries in things they witnessed. characteristics of aliping namamahay The concept of the alipin relied on a complex system of obligation and repayment through labor in ancient Philippine society, rather than on the actual purchase of a person as in Western and Islamic slavery. It was the slave's care to see that they were fed. And so, even at the present day, it is ascertained that this barangay in its origin was a family of parents and children, relations and slaves. no one can compel him to abandon it. mother before him and no reservation is made as to whether he is aliping namamahay or atiping This was done in front of the idol, which they anoint with fragrant perfumes, such as musk and civet, or gum of the storax-tree and other odoriferous woods, and praise it in poetic songs sung by the officiating priest, male or female, who is called catolonan. The aliping sa gigilid of an aliping namamahay was called bulisik ("vile"), while an aliping sa gigilid of an aliping sa gigilid was known by the even more derogatory bulislis (literally meaning "lifted skirt", a term implying that these persons were so vulnerable that it seems like their genitals are exposed). If the latter are living, they enjoy the use of it. place of punishment, grief, and affliction, called casanaan , which was a place of anguish; they this account this manner of adoption common among them is considered lawful. . they did so; or they could prolong life for a year by binding to the waist a live serpent, which was A namamahay was usually an alipin who had received a piece of land from his maginoo master. The aliping namamahay could not be sold by the master; the aliping saguiguilid, on the other hand, could be sold. 167village, they could not be taken from their own village and carried with him; but they would Islands as one of the first missionaries of that order, in 1577. Consequently, the alcaldes-mayor should be instructed In this way he The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". the latter inherited all. The distinctions made among the priests of the devil were as follows: The first, called catolonan, as above stated, was either a man or a woman. In this way he kept possession of the children if the payment could not be met. being offered, as they expressed it, were cooked and eaten also. The sixth was called silagan, whose office it was, if they saw anyone clothed in white, to tear out his liver and eat it, thus causing his death. was not considered as a real wife, all these were classed as natural children, although the child by The debtor is condemned to a life of toil; and thus borrowers Page 172become slaves, and after the death of the father the children pay the debt. If there were no other sons than he, the children and the nearest relatives inherited equally with him. The reason of this was that, at the time of their settlement there, another chief occupied the lands, which the new chief, upon his arrival, bought with his own gold; and therefore, Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. their adoption. against them, or spoke but a word to their wives and children, was severely punished. If any of the litigants felt himself aggrieved, an arbiter was unanimously named from another village or barangay, whether he were a dato or not; since they had for this purpose some persons, known as fair and just men, who were said to give true judgment according to their customs. For various opinions on this point, see Ziga's Estadismo (Retana's ed. Page 169. At an even more lower social rank . Module 2 (Lesson 1) - Customs of the Tagalogs, (Two Relations by Juan de Plasencia, O.S.). especially the irrigated portion, and thus each one knew his own. Alipin sa gigilid were slaves who lived in their debtors house and were entirely dependent on him for food and shelter. They dug a deep, perpendicular hole, and placed the deceased within it, leaving him upright with head or crown unburied, on top of which they put half a cocoa-nut which was to serve him as a shield. The chiefs in some villages had also fisheries, with established limits, and sections of the rivers However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. as if we should say paradise, or, in other words, village Page 185of rest. They say that those matters there might be, the recovery of a sick person, the prosperous voyage of those embarking The reason of this was that, at the time of their settlement there, another chief occupied the lands, Ang ALIPING NAMAMAHAY naman ay ang mas mataas na uri na alipin kaysa sa aliping saguiguilid sapagkat ay siya ay may sariling pamamahay at ari-arian. of applying such remedies to lovers that they would abandon and despise their own wives, and in When there were no children by a legitimate wife, but only children by an unmarried woman, or inaasava, the latter inherited all. it. mattel masters of the universe: revelation. All the above-mentioned articles were eaten by the guests at the feast; the heads [of the animals], after being offered, as they expressed it, were cooked and eaten also. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. which the new chief, upon his arrival, bought with his own gold; and therefore the members of. This last This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer.By default we've enabled the "Distraction-Free" mode, but you can change it back to "Regular", using this dropdown. All are true about aliping sa guiguiler except this one. He died at Lilio, in the province of La Laguna, in 1590. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". After having divided all the trinkets which the slave possessed, if he maintained a house of his own, they divided even the pots and jars, and if an odd one of these remained, they broke it; and if a piece of cloth were left, they parted it in the middle. Nagcarln, October 21, 1589. They serve their master in his house and on his Slaves were of two kinds: aliping namamahay and aliping saguiguilid. 3 What is balangay in pre colonial period? This office was also general throughout the land. 5833 N, 120.9667 E. some Page 171recompense to the injured person. man bewailed him, singing dirges, and praises of his good qualities, until finally they wearied of The eighth they called osuang, which is equivalent to sorcerer; they say that they have seen him fly, and that he murdered men and ate their flesh. not. [6], While the alipin does, indeed, serve another person, historians note that translating the term as "slave" in the western sense of the word may not be fully justifiable. fell to him out of the whole. If he built a house, they helped Others, perchance, may offer a more extended narrative, but leaving aside irrelevant matters concerning government and justice among them, a summary Page 176of the whole truth is contained in the above. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Tayson, Regine A. ALIPING NAMAMAHAY Also called a commoner, belongs in the middle part of the caste system Even as commoners, an aliping namamahay still has a master to serve, whether he be a dato of not ALIPING NAMAMAHAY Aliping namamahay's children are taken away and is