Virginia Apuzzo: I grew up with that. This Restored Documentary Examines What LGBTQ Lives Were Like Before The New York Times / Redux Pictures Lynn and Louis Wolfson II Florida Moving Image Archives Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:What they did in the Stonewall that night. (158) 7.5 1 h 26 min 1985 13+. It said the most dreadful things, it said nothing about being a person. Don't fire until I fire. Martin Boyce:That was our only block. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It was getting worse and worse. Before Stonewall | The New York Public Library Leroy S. Mobley Danny Garvin:We had thought of women's rights, we had thought of black rights, all kinds of human rights, but we never thought of gay rights, and whenever we got kicked out of a bar before, we never came together. And all of a sudden, pandemonium broke loose. The history of the Gay and Lesbian community before the Stonewall riots began the major gay rights movement. But I was just curious, I didn't want to participate because number one it was so packed. Then the cops come up and make use of what used to be called the bubble-gum machine, back then a cop car only had one light on the top that spun around. Diana Davies Photographs, Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations Noah Goldman Fifty years ago, a gay bar in New York City called The Stonewall Inn was raided by police, and what followed were days of rebellion where protesters and police clashed. In the Life Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:A rather tough lesbian was busted in the bar and when she came out of the bar she was fighting the cops and trying to get away. First Run Features Fred Sargeant:Someone at this point had apparently gone down to the cigar stand on the corner and got lighter fluid. People standing on cars, standing on garbage cans, screaming, yelling. And I knew that I was lesbian. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We had maybe six people and by this time there were several thousand outside. BBC Worldwide Americas Doric Wilson:Somebody that I knew that was older than me, his family had him sent off where they go up and damage the frontal part of the brain. The men's room was under police surveillance. Martin Boyce:I heard about the trucks, which to me was fascinated me, you know, it had an imagination thing that was like Marseilles, how can it only be a few blocks away? But I had only stuck my head in once at the Stonewall. ", Martin Boyce:People in the neighborhood, the most unlikely people were starting to support it. Today, that event is seen as the start of the gay civil rights movement, but gay activists and organizations were standing up to harassment and discrimination years before. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We didn't have the manpower, and the manpower for the other side was coming like it was a real war. And, it was, I knew I would go through hell, I would go through fire for that experience. We went, "Oh my God. You had no place to try to find an identity. Frank Simon's documentary follows the drag contestants of 1967's Miss All-American Camp Beauty Pageant, capturing plenty of on- and offstage drama along the way. As president of the Mattachine Society in New York, I tried to negotiate with the police and the mayor. And as I'm looking around to see what's going on, police cars, different things happening, it's getting bigger by the minute. And gay people were standing around outside and the mood on the street was, "They think that they could disperse us last night and keep us from doing what we want to do, being on the street saying I'm gay and I'm proud? The windows were always cloaked. [2][3] Later in 2019, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[4][5][6]. Robin Haueter Paul Bosche Milestones in the American Gay Rights Movement. One time, a bunch of us ran into somebody's car and locked the door and they smashed the windows in. They were afraid that the FBI was following them. You knew you could ruin them for life. 400 Plankinton Ave. Compton's Cafeteria Raid, San Francisco, California, 1966 Coopers Do-Nut Raid, Los Angeles, California, 1959 Pepper Hill Club Raid, Baltimore, Maryland in 1955. I said, "I can go in with you?" Martin Boyce:You could be beaten, you could have your head smashed in a men's room because you were looking the wrong way. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:Those of us that were the street kids we didn't think much about the past or the future. Richard Enman (Archival):Ye - well, that's yes and no. I just thought you had to get through this, and I thought I could get through it, but you really had to be smart about it. Dana Gaiser Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The police would zero in on us because sometimes they would be in plain clothes, and sometimes they would even entrap. The shop had been threatened, we would get hang-up calls, calls where people would curse at us on the phone, we'd had vandalism, windows broken, streams of profanity. Jerry Hoose:The open gay people that hung out on the streets were basically the have-nothing-to-lose types, which I was. Fred Sargeant:The press did refer to it in very pejorative terms, as a night that the drag queens fought back. Queer was very big. What finally made sense to me was the first time I kissed a woman and I thought, "Oh, this is what it's about." You throw into that, that the Stonewall was raided the previous Tuesday night. Daniel Pine And Dick Leitsch, who was the head of the Mattachine Society said, "Who's in favor?" I hope it was. The Stonewall riots inspired gay Americans to fight for their rights. Dick Leitsch:We wore suits and ties because we wanted people, in the public, who were wearing suits and ties, to identify with us. The cops were barricaded inside. And, I did not like parading around while all of these vacationers were standing there eating ice cream and looking at us like we were critters in a zoo. Jerry Hoose:Gay people who had good jobs, who had everything in life to lose, were starting to join in. But I'm wearing this police thing I'm thinking well if they break through I better take it off really quickly but they're gunna come this way and we're going to be backing up and -- who knows what'll happen. Other images in this film are Slate:The Homosexual(1967), CBS Reports. Fred Sargeant:The tactical patrol force on the second night came in even larger numbers, and were much more brutal. Raymond Castro:There were mesh garbage cans being lit up on fire and being thrown at the police. Daily News Martha Babcock If that didn't work, they would do things like aversive conditioning, you know, show you pornography and then give you an electric shock. With this outpouring of courage and unity the gay liberation movement had begun. They'd think I'm a cop even though I had a big Jew-fro haircut and a big handlebar mustache at the time. Danny Garvin:Something snapped. Slate:In 1969, homosexual acts were illegal in every state except Illinois. The groundbreaking 1984 film "Before Stonewall" introduced audiences to some of the key players and places that helped spark the Greenwich Village riots. Susana Fernandes A word that would be used in the 1960s for gay men and lesbians. Getty Images I never saw so many gay people dancing in my life. Danny Garvin:There was more anger and more fight the second night. Virginia Apuzzo:It was free but not quite free enough for us. And I ran into Howard Smith on the street,The Village Voicewas right there. And when you got a word, the word was homosexuality and you looked it up. I was proud. Frank Kameny Martha Shelley:If you were in a small town somewhere, everybody knew you and everybody knew what you did and you couldn't have a relationship with a member of your own sex, period. Atascadero was known in gay circles as the Dachau for queers, and appropriately so. The scenes were photographed with telescopic lenses. Her most recent film, Bones of Contention, premiered in the 2016 Berlin International David Carter Ellinor Mitchell He is not interested in, nor capable of a lasting relationship like that of a heterosexual marriage. Dan Bodner Before Stonewall 1984 Unrated 1 h 27 m IMDb RATING 7.5 /10 1.1K YOUR RATING Rate Play trailer 2:21 1 Video 7 Photos Documentary History The history of the Gay and Lesbian community before the Stonewall riots began the major gay rights movement. Danny Garvin:He's a faggot, he's a sissy, queer. On June 28, 1969, New York City police raided a Greenwich Village gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, setting off a three-day riot that launched the modern American gay rights movement. And there, we weren't allowed to be alone, the police would raid us still. They really were objecting to how they were being treated. One never knows when the homosexual is about. They'd go into the bathroom or any place that was private, that they could either feel them, or check them visually. That was our world, that block. PDF BEFORE STONEWALL press kit - First Run Features That was scary, very scary. Katrina Heilbroner It won the Best Film Award at the Houston International Film Festival, Best Documentary Feature at Filmex, First Place at the National Educational Film Festival, and Honorable Mention at the Global Village Documentary Festival. LGBTQ+ History Before Stonewall | Stacker Alan Lechner Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:It really should have been called Stonewall uprising. Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And by the time the police would come back towards Stonewall, that crowd had gone all the around Washington Place come all the way back around and were back pushing in on them from the other direction and the police would wonder, "These are the same people or different people?". Available on Prime Video, Tubi TV, iTunes. And that's what it was, it was a war. This 1968 Film Put Drag Queens In The Spotlight Before Stonewall - HuffPost This 1955 educational film warns of homosexuality, calling it "a sickness of the mind.". And here they were lifting things up and fighting them and attacking them and beating them. Because he was homosexual. Martha Shelley:Before Stonewall, the homophile movement was essentially the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis and all of these other little gay organizations, some of which were just two people and a mimeograph machine. It was as if they were identifying a thing. Newly restored for the 50th Anniversary of the Stonewall Riots, Before Stonewall pries open the . Ed Koch, Councilman, New York City:There were complaints from people who objected to the wrongful behavior of some gays who would have sex on the street. I was a homosexual. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:The Stonewall riots came at a central point in history. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:The moment you stepped out that door there would be hundreds facing you. Stonewall Forever Explore the monument Watch the documentary Download the AR app About & FAQ Privacy Policy Narrator (Archival):Richard Enman, president of the Mattachine Society of Florida, whose goal is to legalize homosexuality between consenting adults, was a reluctant participant in tonight's program. I guess they're deviates. So I attempted suicide by cutting my wrists. I went in there and they took bats and just busted that place up. Martin Boyce:Well, in the front part of the bar would be like "A" gays, like regular gays, that didn't go in any kind of drag, didn't use the word "she," that type, but they were gay, a hundred percent gay. Other images in this film are either recreations or drawn from events of the time. Before Stonewall, the activists wanted to fit into society and not rock the boat. I mean they were making some headway. What Jimmy didn't know is that Ralph was sick. Charles Harris, Transcriptions The documentary "Before Stonewall" was very educational and interesting because it shows a retail group that fought for the right to integrate into the society and was where the homosexual revolution occurred. Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:As much as I don't like to say it, there's a place for violence. It was the only time I was in a gladiatorial sport that I stood up in. We were going to propose something that all groups could participate in and what we ended up producing was what's now known as the gay pride march. We knew it was a gay bar, we walked past it. Before Stonewall pries open the closet door, setting free dramatic stories from the early 1900's onwards of public and private existence as experienced by LGBT Americans. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:We told this to our men. It was not a place that, in my life, me and my friends paid much attention to. WGBH Educational Foundation It was as if an artist had arranged it, it was beautiful, it was like mica, it was like the streets we fought on were strewn with diamonds. Jeremiah Hawkins So anything that would set us off, we would go into action. Patricia Yusah, Marketing and Communications Lauren Noyes. Because one out of three of you will turn queer. John O'Brien:There was one street called Christopher Street, where actually I could sit and talk to other gay people beyond just having sex. Ed Koch, mayorof New York City from1978 to 1989, discussesgay civil rights in New York in the 1960s. Geoff Kole Transcript Enlarge this image To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the Stonewall riots in New York City, activists rode their motorcycles during the city's 1989 gay-pride parade. kui They were supposed to be weak men, limp-wristed. Trevor, Post Production Martin Boyce:Mind you socks didn't count, so it was underwear, and undershirt, now the next thing was going to ruin the outfit. Detective John Sorenson, Dade County Morals & Juvenile Squad (Archival):There may be some in this auditorium. Revisiting 'Before Stonewall' Film for the 50th Anniversary | Time It was an age of experimentation. All rights reserved. Synopsis. Dana Kirchoff David Carter, Author ofStonewall:There was also vigilantism, people were using walkie-talkies to coordinate attacks on gay men. New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:And they were, they were kids. John O'Brien:And then somebody started a fire, they started with little lighters and matches. Finally, Mayor Lindsay listened to us and he announced that there would be no more police entrapment in New York City. Doric Wilson:That's what happened Stonewall night to a lot of people. J. Michael Grey And I think it's both the alienation, also the oppression that people suffered. It was fun to see fags. And there was like this tension in the air and it just like built and built. But it was a refuge, it was a temporary refuge from the street. Martin Boyce:We were like a Hydra. That summer, New York City police raided the Stonewall Inn, a popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. and someone would say, "Well, they're still fighting the police, let's go," and they went in. Marcus spoke with NPR's Ari Shapiro about his conversations with leaders of the gay-rights movement, as well as people who were at Stonewall when the riots broke out. Richard Enman (Archival):Present laws give the adult homosexual only the choice of being, to simplify the matter, heterosexual and legal or homosexual and illegal. Janice Flood And in a sense the Stonewall riots said, "Get off our backs, deliver on the promise." Narrator (Archival):Do you want your son enticed into the world of homosexuals, or your daughter lured into lesbianism? The mirrors, all the bottles of liquor, the jukebox, the cigarette machines. Mike Wallace (Archival):Two out of three Americans look upon homosexuals with disgust, discomfort or fear. I would wait until there was nobody left to be the girl and then I would be the girl. People that were involved in it like me referred to it as "The First Run." W hen police raided a Greenwich Village gay bar, the Stonewall Inn, on June 28, 1969 50 years ago this month the harassment was routine for the time. BEFORE STONEWALL - Alliance of Women Film Journalists And you felt bad that you were part of this, when you knew they broke the law, but what kind of law was that? Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community A medievalist. That's what happened on June 28, but as people were released, the night took an unusual turn when protesters and police clashed. The idea was to be there first. John O'Brien:I was very anti-police, had many years already of activism against the forces of law and order. Well, it was a nightmare for the lesbian or gay man who was arrested and caught up in this juggernaut, but it was also a nightmare for the lesbians or gay men who lived in the closet. And the police escalated their crackdown on bars because of the reelection campaign. Mafia house beer? Virginia Apuzzo:It's very American to say, "This is not right." I wanted to kill those cops for the anger I had in me. This documentary uses extensive archival film, movie clips . Homosexuals do not want that, you might find some fringe character someplace who says that that's what he wants. That this was normal stuff. Martin Boyce:It was thrilling. You know. And once that happened, the whole house of cards that was the system of oppression of gay people started to crumble. The Stonewall had reopened. John O'Brien:Whenever you see the cops, you would run away from them. John O'Brien:If a gay man is caught by the police and is identified as being involved in what they called lewd, immoral behavior, they would have their person's name, their age and many times their home address listed in the major newspapers. One of the world's oldest and largest gay pride parades became a victory celebration after New York's historic decision to legalize same-sex marriage. We did use humor to cover pain, frustration, anger. Transcript of Re-Release: The Stonewall | Happy Scribe But I gave it up about, oh I forget, some years ago, over four years ago. This 19-year-old serviceman left his girlfriend on the beach to go to a men's room in a park nearby where he knew that he could find a homosexual contact. A gay rights march in New York in favor of the 1968 Civil Rights Act being amended to include gay rights. Eric Marcus, Recreation Still Photography "You could have got us in a lot of trouble, you could have got us closed up." It was terrifying. John O'Brien:I was with a group that we actually took a parking meter out of theground, three or four people, and we used it as a battering ram. But everybody knew it wasn't normal stuff and everyone was on edge and that was the worst part of it because you knew they were on edge and you knew that the first shot that was fired meant all the shots would be fired. There was all these drags queens and these crazy people and everybody was carrying on. We had no speakers planned for the rally in Central Park, where we had hoped to get to. Gay people were not powerful enough politically to prevent the clampdown and so you had a series of escalating skirmishes in 1969. Martha Shelley:When I was growing up in the '50s, I was supposed to get married to some guy, produce, you know, the usual 2.3 children, and I could look at a guy and say, "Well, objectively he's good looking," but I didn't feel anything, just didn't make any sense to me. Just making their lives miserable for once. Geordie, Liam and Theo Gude by David Carter, Associate Producer and Advisor This, to a homosexual, is no choice at all. But we went down to the trucks and there, people would have sex. [00:00:58] Well, this I mean, this is a part of my own history in this weird, inchoate sense. Ellen Goosenberg Almost anything you could name. It meant nothing to us. The first police officer that came in with our group said, "The place is under arrest. The New York State Liquor Authority refused to issue liquor licenses to many gay bars, and several popular establishments had licenses suspended or revoked for "indecent conduct.". John O'Brien:All of a sudden, the police faced something they had never seen before. New York City's Stonewall Inn is regarded by many as the site of gay and lesbian liberation since it was at this bar that drag queens fought back against police June 27-28, 1969. We were all there. Tweet at us @throughlineNPR, send us an email, or leave us a voicemail at (872) 588-8805. Alexis Charizopolis Read a July 6, 1969excerpt fromTheNew York Daily News. Interviewer (Archival):What type of laws are you after? Cause I was from the streets. Martin Boyce:And then more police came, and it didn't stop. Raymond Castro Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt:The Stonewall pulled in everyone from every part of gay life. But the before section, I really wanted people to have a sense of what it felt like to be gay, lesbian, transgender, before Stonewall and before you have this mass civil rights movement that comes after Stonewall. And if enough people broke through they would be killed and I would be killed. Stonewall Forever is a documentary from NYC's LGBT Community Center directed by Ro Haber. Alfredo del Rio, Archival Still and Motion Images Courtesy of They are taught that no man is born homosexual and many psychiatrists now believe that homosexuality begins to form in the first three years of life. Fred Sargeant Louis Mandelbaum A few of us would get dressed up in skirts and blouses and the guys would all have to wear suits and ties. On June 27, 1969, police raided The Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York. So you couldn't have a license to practice law, you couldn't be a licensed doctor. Dick Leitsch:New York State Liquor Authority had a rule that one known homosexual at a licensed premise made the place disorderly, so nobody would set up a place where we could meet because they were afraid that the cops would come in to close it, and that's how the Mafia got into the gay bar business. Martin Boyce:I had cousins, ten years older than me, and they had a car sometimes. It was tremendous freedom. It was nonsense, it was nonsense, it was all the people there, that were reacting and opposing what was occurring. It was narrated by author Rita Mae Brown, directed by Greta Schiller, co-directed by Robert Rosenberg, and co-produced by John Scagliotti and Rosenberg, and Schiller. Dr. Socarides (Archival):Homosexuality is in fact a mental illness which has reached epidemiological proportions. Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community (Newly Fred Sargeant:In the '60s, I met Craig Rodwell who was running the Oscar Wilde Bookshop. Yvonne Ritter:"In drag," quote unquote, the downside was that you could get arrested, you could definitely get arrested if someone clocked you or someone spooked that you were not really what you appeared to be on the outside. ITN Source This was in front of the police. Original Language: English. Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:All of straight America, in terms of the middle class, was recoiling in horror from what was happening all around them at that time, in that summer and the summer before. There was no going back now, there was no going back, there was no, we had discovered a power that we weren't even aware that we had. Before Stonewall: The Making of a Gay and Lesbian Community is a 1984 American documentary film about the LGBT community prior to the 1969 Stonewall riots. I was a man. It gives back a little of the terror they gave in my life. Before Stonewall - Trailer - YouTube Now, 50 years later, the film is back. William Eskridge, Professor of Law:Ed Koch who was a democratic party leader in the Greenwich Village area, was a specific leader of the local forces seeking to clean up the streets. You see, Ralph was a homosexual. The very idea of being out, it was ludicrous. It eats you up inside not being comfortable with yourself. The film combined personal interviews, snapshots and home movies, together with historical footage. In the sexual area, in psychology, psychiatry. ", Howard Smith, Reporter,The Village Voice:And he went to each man and said it by name. Andy Frielingsdorf, Reenactment Actors John O'Brien:In the Civil Rights Movement, we ran from the police, in the peace movement, we ran from the police. Lester Senior Housing Community, Jewish Community Housing Corporation There were occasions where you did see people get night-sticked, or disappear into a group of police and, you know, everybody knew that was not going to have a good end. I say, I cannot tell this without tearing up. All I knew about was that I heard that there were people down in Times Square who were gay and that's where I went to. In an effort to avoid being anachronistic . TV Host (Archival):And Sonia is that your own hair? It was a leaflet that attacked the relationship of the police and the Mafia and the bars that we needed to see ended. Linton Media Fifty years ago, a riot broke out at the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in New York City's Greenwich Village. And we were singing: "We are the Village girls, we wear our hair in curls, we wear our dungarees, above our nellie knees." Lucian Truscott, IV, Reporter,The Village Voice:Saturday night there it was. She was awarded the first ever Emmy Award for Research for her groundbreaking work on Before Stonewall. One was the 1845 statute that made it a crime in the state to masquerade. There's a little door that slides open with this power-hungry nut behind that, you see this much of your eyes, and he sees that much of your face, and then he decides whether you're going to get in. Alexandra Meryash Nikolchev, On-Line Editors Raymond Castro:New York City subways, parks, public bathrooms, you name it. And they were gay. Seymour Pine, Deputy Inspector, Morals Division, NYPD:Well, I had to act like I wasn't nervous. Dick Leitsch:And so the cops came with these buses, like five buses, and they all were full of tactical police force. It's a history that people feel a huge sense of ownership over. Things were being thrown against the plywood, we piled things up to try to buttress it. Before Stonewall - Trailer BuskFilms 12.6K subscribers Subscribe 14K views 10 years ago Watch the full film here (UK & IRE only): http://buskfilms.com/films/before-sto.
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