was isaiah written before daniel

Test. Every book of prophecy in the Old Testament has the name of the prophet who gave it. Book of Isaiah, also spelled Isaias, one of the major prophetical writings of the Old Testament. According to 3 Ne. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Isaiah, Birth City: Jerusalem, Birth Country: Israel. almost complete. He was believed to have written chapters 1-39 in The Book of Isaiah with the balance of the book authored by several other prophets. "The oracle concerning Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw." adding water to reduce alcohol in wine. Nothing will be left, says the Lord. Thank you for your contribution to the community. After the Jews returned from captivity in the days of Cyrus there was no such gross idolatry. We could assume in advance--before even looking at the evidence--that Isaiah could not be a prophetic document, but this is neither scientific nor is it an argument--it is a philosophical assertion. There is the prophesies of the book of Daniel and Isaiah, there's some in Jeremiah and one in Micah saying where the Saviour would be born, but, when it comes to detailed accurate prophesies, there are not so many. First of all, biblical scholars have established there were actually three authors of the Book of Isaiah. Daniel served in the royal court of Nebuchadnezzar and several rulers who followed Nebuchadnezzar. Isa 40-55 does not give any information about the person of the prophet. But, actually, Isaiah. They needed encouragement to believe in the God of the Scriptures: and to see the name "Cyrus" in the 150 year old book of Isaiah would surely have encouraged some of them to comply with the decree and go back to Judaea. These show that where the original document was written anonymously different theories begin to emerge as to who wrote it. Babylon was one of the most important cities of the Assyrian empire (with Kalash, Assur and Ninive), so that Tigat Pileser III, after having conquered Syria and destroyed Damascus (732), assumed the title of king of Babylon with the name of Pulu (729). By inspiration, he knows that Judah will be exiled as well. Before 687BC. It enveloped them in flames, yet they did not understand; R.N. Unanimous suggests not anonymous. They are not identical with the Neo-Babylonian kings. The destruction of Jerusalem and the Babylonian exile took place in the sixth century, but in chapters 4055, Isaiah speaks about these events as though theyve already happened. These sins did not happen after the return from captivity 536 bc they are exclusively the sins of the pre-captivity. This is the man who sent the Jews into Exile in Babylon. Whybray: "The Second Isaiah", JSOT Press: Sheffield, 1983. to windblown chaff(K) with his bow. The Jewish world before the Babylonian Captivity was very different to their world post-Captivity. For others, believers and non-believers, from chapter 40 onwards, the prophecies would have been, instead, elaborated by a "Deutero Isaia", certainly inspired, but lived in the days of exile. An interesting passage is John 12:38-40:-. I recommend the book to all. There are three items in Isaiah 20:1 which give clues as to when it was written: In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod, (when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him,) and fought against Ashdod, and took it; 1) The use of the term Tartan shows at least this section of Isaiah was written early, prior to 600 bc. 11:6-9 and 65:25; We need to make a comparison between the three prophets, Isaiah, Daniel, and Zechariah, in two matters: in God's economy toward His chosen people and in Christ for the people of His concern. 28:5 and 63:3. I will break in pieces the doors of bronze Moreover, in ancient Greek "Kyros", in addition to indicating the proper name of a Persian emperor, meant "power, power, supremacy, absolute authority" and was the probable origin of the best known Greek term "Kyrios" (sir, master, capo), practically equivalent to "O ekon Kuros" (the one with authority). The Book of Isaiah (Hebrew: , [s.fr j.a.ja.hu]) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament. 5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed. Learn. Before the destruction of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar in 587 BC there was idolatry and worship of Baal, even child sacrifice in Judaea. Modern scholars argue that the book of Isaiah is a collection of writings by various anonymous writers whose writings have been added over the centuries following the time of Isaiah. If so, no miracles or prophecies are required to explain the mention of Cyrus in the Book of Isaiah: Chapter 45, where his name is mentioned, was originally written during the time of Cyrus's rule. An anonym. "Rab" means "chief" and "shakeh" means "cup-bearer", a title whose meaning only became apparent with archaeological discovery in the modern age. You have hundreds. says your God. The Assyrian Army ceased to exist when the Assyrian Empire ceased in 609 bc, when it was destroyed by the Babylonians. When and Where Was the Book of Isaiah Written? And yet many Jews cared a great deal about their religion and their Scriptures. Daniel 8:10 And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped . 4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. And they will bring all your people, from all the nations, to my holy mountain in Jerusalem as an offering to the Lordon horses, in chariots and wagons, and on mules and camels, says the Lord. After 39 chapters of prose, the next 27 chapters are poetry. "Cyrus"? Of whom is Isaiah writing? and to whom hath the arm of the Lord been Concerning God's economy toward His chosen people, Isaiah reveals that all the nations . You can see the original scroll online here http://dss.collections.imj.org.il/isaiah . The Northern Kingdom of Israel so rebelled against God that it was only another 200 years before the Assyrians destroyed them. It is peculiar that anyone living in our century should think the name "Cyrus" could not have been written 700 BC but must have been written after he became king of Persia. The narrator remains in this period until the end of the book. Oswalt also believes it makes sense that Isaiah would speak to people in the future: I believe the reason is Isaiah had experienced the exile of the northern kingdom during his lifetime, and he is aware of the terrific implications of exile. Of course I'll try to apologise if what I wrote provoked anything other but thoughts. concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah." According to 6:1, Isaiah received his call "in the year that King Uzziah died" (742 bc), and . So if we do not believe that the same author wrote both 1-39 and 40-66 then we have to doubt also this passage in the New Testament and in fact we must doubt most of the passages in the New Testament which refer to the book of Isaiah because most of them refer to that which "Isaiah spoke". We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,.css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}contact us! God used him to uncover spiritual realities of his own time but also of the near and far future. This conviction would have proved to be of considerable use to the Jewish people, exiled to Babylon two centuries later, helping to propitiate the favors of the new sovereign. Prophetic visions transcend boundaries of time, space and. When Cyrus issued his decree then they knew that they had been punished, by being taken into captivity to Babylon, not because they had failed to worship Baal and Molech sufficiently well, but because they had rebelled against the LORD God of their forefathers. who says of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, However, our disagreements aside, an. 125 BCE, it is Eugene Faulstich who has worked on Bible Chronology believed it was written by one author. The people who wrote the New Testament saw Isaiah as one book. :-). This was foretold by Isaiah one hundred and forty years before the temple was demolished. Does a summoned creature play immediately after being summoned by a ready action? If you have any questions, please review our. The Old Testament knows nothing of anonymous prophets. "In the year that Tartan came unto Ashdod" is similar to the manner in which the Assyrians named their years, its in the form of an Assyrian Eponym ( - though I am not saying this was an actual name of a year in the Assyrian Eponym List). Is there any evidence that Assyrian or Babylonian kings ate their enemies? Therefore they could not believe, because that Esaias said again, He Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. "Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence without having recompensed, and I will recompense into their bosom. (Isaiah 13:1). 11:2 and 61:1; 14:27 and 43:13; Historical Backing for Isaiah . But already the Jewish commentator Ibn Esra concluded around 1138 that the book was not written in one go. I thank all those who have read this so far, and ask you a few closing questions. He creates moods, evocative scenes, and atmospheres, as poetry does. As the saying goes: Its Difficult to Make Predictions, Especially About the Future. Some later readers may have decided otherwise, but such interpretations are not more in the biblical context than the 19th century revival of the Flat Earth theory. Upon a lofty and high mountain hast thou set thy bed: even thither wentest thou up to offer sacrifice. I name you, though you do not know me. In Daniel and Ezra there are whole passages in Aramaic because it was the lingua franca both in the time of Daniel and in the time of Ezra. The earliest manuscript we have of the Book of Isaiah is The Great Isaiah Scroll: The Great Isaiah Scroll (1QIsaa) is one of the original seven Dead Sea The book of Isaiah provides us with the most comprehensive prophetic picture of Jesus Christ in the entire Old Testament. All dates are given according to the Common Era, not the Hebrew calendar. (Isaiah 42:8), But draw near hither, ye sons of the sorceress, the seed of the adulterer and Isaiah 20:1 is key in its reference to Sargon. best preserved of all the biblical scrolls, and the only one that is For one, Daniel refers to himself in the first person in much of the book and makes the dating claim himself. and cut through the bars of iron, The burden of proof is on you, I am afraid. I grew up with dogs, in a house surrounded by woods although we lived in the suburbs. The 54 columns contain all 66 chapters of the Hebrew For instance, Josephus relates that when the Romans came to besiege Jerusalem the Romans learned that on the Sabbath day they could build the siegeworks for the overthrow of Jerusalem without being attacked by the Jews. and Israel my chosen, If you read the Book of Isaiah, youll notice a huge shift in the style at chapter 40. In the Bible, Isaiah 13:1. says, "The burden against Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.". . they did not obey his law. Assuming for purposes of argument that Josephus' account is true, then plain common sense dictates that he was so impressed precisely because it was the genuine article - a prophecy from an earlier period - rather than a crude contemporary forgery. Do we know the reason it was written in poetic form? There are similarities of expression found in both 1-39 and 40-66. Is there any corroborating evidence for the story of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego? [2] c. 520 BC-c. 411 BC [citation needed] prophecy of Haggiah, Zechariah, Joel (?) More directly regarding the question at hand: Modern scholarship considers the Book of Isaiah to be an anthology, the two principal compositions of which are the Book of Isaiah proper (chapters 1-39, with some exceptions), containing the words of the prophet Isaiah himself, dating from the time of the First Temple, around 700 BCE, and Second Isaiah (Deutero-Isaiah, chapters 40-66), comprising the words of an anonymous prophet, who lived some one hundred and fifty years later, around the time of the Babylonian exile and the restoration of the Temple in the Persian Period. Timeline of Jeremiah / Daniel / Ezekiel Kings of Judah Date Ref Josiah 640 BC 2 Kg 22:1 - 23:30 5, 6 Josiah was 8yr old when he was made king and reigned 31 years 2 Ch 34 - 35 627 BC Jer 1 1 God calls Jeremiah to be prophet in Judah. By submitting your email address, you understand that you will receive email communications from HarperCollins Christian Publishing (501 Nelson Place, Nashville, TN 37214 USA) providing information about products and services of HCCP and its affiliates. Those who hold this view either believe that the anonymous author(s) deliberately sought to mislead, in which case the cynic is accusing them of dishonesty, or that the compilers of the final version were dishonest in putting together with a work of the true Isaiah (chapters 1-39) a work which could not have been clearly the work of Isaiah, seeing as, according to the cynics' theory, it was anonymous. This fits with the timeline of chapters 139, where the Babylonian captivity clearly hasnt taken place yet. your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: Isaiah, called the prince of the prophets, wrote with exceptional beauty and imagery. The Achaemenid kings are well documented historically. According to Robert Wilson, Isaiah is notable for the purity of its Hebrew. They have not known nor understood: for he hath shut their eyes, that they cannot see; and their hearts, that they cannot understand. What video game is Charlie playing in Poker Face S01E07? On the other hand, the threat of warlike and powerful peoples from the North was also felt by Jeremiah (Jeremiah 50,3; 50,9; 50,41; 51,48) who, by prophesying about the fall of Babylon, made explicit reference to the future destructive action of an anonymous king of the Media (Jeremiah 51.11 and 51.28). So the reason for speaking of Cyrus 150 years before he captured Babylon was gracious and kind on God's part. They will bring them, as the Israelites bring their grain offerings, to the temple of the Lord in ceremonially clean vessels. Isaiah 66:20. I'm not at all sure that Isaiah himself wrote the book as we have it. for he was cut off out of the land of the living: for the transgression of my people was he stricken. In my view, all of the above points 1 to 8 are accumulative evidence that the whole of chapters 44-66, along with the word "Cyrus" in 44:28 and 45:1, was written at the same time as 1-39, before the Babylonian Captivity, which started about 605 BC. Is the Book of Isaiah Historical Fiction? There is only one book in the whole Bible which is truly anonymous: the Letter to the Hebrews. And of whom hast thou been afraid or feared, that thou hast lied, and hast not remembered me, nor laid it to thy heart? Born in Jerusalem, Israel, he was said to have found his calling as a prophet when. 5 I am the Lord, and there is no other, All Rights Reserved. 11:12 and 56:8; the whore. The idea of multiple authors of Isaiah began with Johann Doederlein, professor of theology at Jena, a rationalist who lived in the "Age of Enlightenment", and who died over 150 years before the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The conversion from idolatry, the liberation of the people and the return of the exiles are guided by a mysterious character, sometimes identified as a humble Servant and sometimes as anointed Lord. Not very likely, I think. Isaiah 2:1 is written for a small section of the prophecy. There was intermarriage with foreign women of idolatrous background; Scrolls discovered in Qumran in 1947. 6 All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. and Israel to the plunderers? 1932 ford coupe body for sale australia. are ye not children of transgression, a seed of falsehood. Those interested in this can search for "Eponym Dating System" in google. 3 He pursues them and moves on unscathed,(M) Isaiah Predicts the Coming of the Savior, Friend, Mar.1998, number 34 In approximately 700 years before the birth of the Savior, Isaiah lived in Jerusalem as a prophet of God.It is possible that he was writing about crucial events that had not yet occurred. besides me there is no God; Isaiah was best known as the Hebrew prophet who predicted the coming of Jesus Christ to salvage mankind from sin. I maintain you are holding the looking glass wrong ;) KJV is sometimes better than more modern (helpful?) He see's God as in control of history from Day One. Sign up for the SearchIsaiah newsletter, you won't regret it. This was the time between the first victories of Cyrus, which gave an indication of the collapse of the Babylonian empire, and the liberation edict of 538 BC, which then allowed the Israelites to return to Palestine, that is to Yehud. who spread out the earth by myself, v24 Yet The Book of Isaiah in Chapters 44 and 45 speaks of Cyrus in no uncertain terms: Who is saying of Cyrus, My shepherd, And all my delight He doth Because Isaiah 40-66 contains Chapter 53, one of the most breathtaking prophecies in the whole of the Old Testament. Dating from ca. There are no Greek loan words and only one Persian. Sargon's Palace was magnificent and Isaiah mentioning him by name shows that he was a contemporary, thus making the writing of the book of Isaiah dated towards the end of the eighth cenrtury B.C. ), During this period Judah became the sovereign nation of Israel: The Maccabean Revolt 167 to 160 BC. (See Matthew 3:3, 4:14, 8:17, 12:17, 13:14, 17:7; Mark 7:6; Luke 3:4, 4:17; John 1:23; Acts 8:28-30, 28:25; Romans 9:27-29, 10:16, 10:20, 15:12.). ), during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, and Manasseh of the Southern Kingdom of Judah., Since Isaiahs ministry was centered in Jerusalem, this is the most likely location of the books origin., Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Unlocking Isaiah in the Book of Mormon, by Victor L. Ludlow. And for anyone to see this for themselves the only way is to read all of these books in their entirety. Wilson (1928). According to this theory, you dont simply have three Isaiahs. And none considereth in his heart, neither is there knowledge nor understanding to say, I have burned part of it in the fire; yea, also I have baked bread upon the coals thereof; I have roasted flesh, and eaten it: and shall I make the residue thereof an abomination? Sargon II, subdued by the Hittites, defeated the Egyptians in Rafia and overthrown the reign of Urartu, managed to keep Babylon and the Medes under control during the whole period of his reign, while Sennacherib brutally destroyed it (689), after having done of Nineveh the first city of the empire and having in vain besieged Jerusalem (701). And the timeline is no longer divided into three neat sections. See other such passages: Isaiah 40:19-23; 41:6-7; 41:23; 42:17; 45:16; 45:20-21; 46:6-13; 65:7; 66:17. And you are right about two things: 1. the etymology and prior usage of the word, 2. comments are not for prolonged discussions (although this one was nice). Purpose of Writing: In 605 B.C., Nebuchadnezzar King of Babylon had conquered Judah and deported many of its inhabitants to Babylon - Daniel included. Di Lella, "Daniel" in, Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Hebrew_prophets&oldid=1082234151, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 April 2022, at 01:53. The lack of flow, and poor writing, is all mine, my aim being to try to be brief; the ideas are mainly his. When an anonymously written work is produced there arises speculation as the the author. . In the ancient Middle East it was commonplace for a ruler to have a 'local' name in each area he ruled. Isaiah prophesized the coming of the Messiah Jesus Christ. The Book of Isaiah can be divided into (at least) 3 sections--one of the most popular descriptions is: The Assyria section . Isaiah was a Hebrew prophet who was believed to have lived about 700 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. While scholars disagree about exactly how to interpret the signs of multiple authors, theres a common thread: the prophet Isaiah wrote the book of Isaiahwith help. Most scholars agree that the prophet Isaiah likely only wrote a portion of the book, but recent scholarship also argues that even the portions he didnt physically write originated with him in some form. have not I held my peace even of old, and thou fearest me not? Why? Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. The rest of the book is the work of numerous disciples who lived over the next 400 years or so. It is assumed that Isaiah arranged his writings into their present order, although a scribe or disciple may have done so. That the saying of Esaias the prophet might be fulfilled, which he spake, Lord, Cyrus (580-529 BC) was the first Achaemenid Emperor, Who says Jesus couldnt predict the fall of Jerusalem, judaism.stackexchange.com/questions/31318/, skeptics.stackexchange.com/questions/17871/, Its Difficult to Make Predictions, Especially About the Future, http://biblechronologybooks.com/scientificmethod.html, http://biblechronologybooks.com/hebrewkings.html, http://www.chabad.org/parshah/article_cdo/aid/579794/jewish/Haftorah-in-a-Nutshell.htm, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. and subdues kings before him. I like to read, cook, work out and I'd like to travel to Europe in the future. By sharing a vast range of resources including study guides, articles, podcasts, and more, we hope to provide readers with ways to search the book of Isaiah. 34:8 and 61:2; it consumed them, but they did not take it to heart. Isaiah 42:24-25. and with the last(P)I am he. Was it not the Lord, Let the nations renew their strength! Enflaming yourselves with idols under every green tree, slaying the children in the valleys under the clifts of the rocks? For instance, compare: I know what you're going to go through. It's child's play to "predict things" after the event. Cynics claim this section must have been written once Cyrus has become King of Persia or around that time or afterwards, and that the Jews have dishonestly pretended this is prophecy when in fact it wasn't. and of the temple, Your foundation shall be laid. v28. Would anyone? -1. @FelixGoldberg That he didn't have independent sources is itself an assumption, and not a very well supported one. There are numerous challenges in the Book of Isaiah that lead scholars to speculate about which parts were written by Isaiah himself, and what else was added and by whom. @FelixGoldberg: He mentions Nicolaus only because he was a close friend of Herod (and, in one place, to criticize him for writing so uncritically about his subject); but after all it's not a modern textbook where the source of every statement has to be given. Paskelbta 16 birelio, 2022 calling(N) forth the generations from the beginning? For more on this then see the free online article by google searching for: Foreign Words in the Old Testament as evidence of historicity by Robert D. 3) Then also, the manner of describing the year in Isaiah 20:1 is suitable for the age in which Isaiah was written. See also Jewish history which includes links to individual country histories. Scholars have developed a variety of theories to explain the gaps in the timeline and the stylistic changes. and 532 B.C. Isaiah, son of Amoz ('First Isaiah') wrote chapters 1-39, apart from numerous subsequent additions and alterations. The proof we have that Chapter 53 is a true prophecy of the future should enable us to believe the name "Cyrus" was announced before he was born. that you may know that it is I, the Lord, If such a comparatively ordinary prophecy such as Obadiah's has the name of the prophet how is it conceivable that the name of the prophet of the most glorious prophetic portion of the most sublime prophecy of them all, the book of Isaiah, should be unknown? I am no expert in 40 plus languages, and confess I rely on. Artaxerxes III is Nebuchadnazzer. Before the nation could inherit the promises made to the fathers, it would have to be made holy. "After the incident", I started to be more careful not to trip over things. In Cave One of Qumran, archaeologists found a complete 24-foot-long scroll of Isaiah, which contained all 66 chapters of the book. In 722 BC, after the fall of Samaria, nearly 30,000 Israelites were deported to Assyria, Mesopotamia, and the cities of the Media (2 Kings 17: 6), while thousands of exiles from Babylon took possession of the cities of Samaria. (Isaiah 44:16-20). Isaiah lived about 700 years before the birth of Jesus Christ. the worship of graven images there was unknown. what animals eat kangaroo paws in the savanna . Flashcards. It is necessary, however, to take into account the fact that the original Hebrew text was irretrievably lost, Aquila, Tivatzione and Simmaco used "Kuro" in open dispute with the Christians, the testimony of Gerolamo dates back to the IV century after Christ and the Masoretic text stabilized only towards the 10th century. Isaiah was a man who witnessed our Lord (the pre-incarnate Son) sitting on His throne in all His glory. From here on, there are also no more mentions of Isaiah. to turn on its feet with the answer: No, we have ample evidence that large parts of Isaiah were written after Cyrus. In fact, just starting from the testimony of Jerome, some scholars, not at all convinced by the questionable thesis of the "hebraica veritas", came to think that "Kristo Kyros" may have been the Greek translation, astutely proposed to Emperor Cyrus, of some pre-and-other Hebrew form, such as "Adon Mashiyah" (Anointed Lord), or "Melek Mashiyah" (Anointed King) or even "Nagid Mashiyah" (Anointed Prince of Daniel 9.25) or "Kawtsin Mashiyah" (Anointed Conductor of Daniel 11, 18) or even "Yahveh Mashiyah" (anointed of the Lord of 1 Samuel 16,6-26,9 and 2 Samuel 1,14-1,16). Learn. For many, the divine inspiration would have no limits and to Isaiah it could have been really revealed the future in a very precise and detailed way, also considering the exceptional religious experience of which he was the protagonist (that is the vision of the Eternal seated on the throne, in holy temple in the midst of the seraphim) and the experiences of Micah (prophet of the birth of the Messiah in Bethlehem), of Jeremiah (anticipating the 70 years of Babylonian captivity and the subsequent return of refugees), Daniel (able to glimpse the succession of the future world empires from the time of Nabuchodonosor until the advent of the Persians, Alexander the Great and the Diadochi) and of a prophet of the times of Jeroboam (who foretold the name and work of King Josiah with two centuries in advance; see 1 Kings 13: 2 and 2 Kings 23: 15-16). It was always in the plan of God that when the Messiah came he would be rejected by the religious leaders of the people who had the Scriptures of God, who in matters of religion were the best informed, who had the Old Testament Scriptures and had studied them: that we all might know that religious head-knowledge is not enough. Isaiah wrote some of the book, but the writings of others were added by redactors/editors sometime before the Great Isaiah Scroll was written about 125 BC. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? In the book of Esther there are a lot of Persian loan words; in Ezra there are Persian, and some Persian in Chronicles both 1 and 2. The "7" represents form of divine "signature". Nevertheless, some believers accept the visions of Isaiah without perplexity, because they think that the prophecies contained in the "Proto Isaiah" concern the great destruction of Sennacherib of 689, after the attempt of Babylon to free itself from the yoke of the Assyrians.

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