You can take radioactive iodine-131 by mouth as a capsule or liquid. 59th ed. Nippoldt TN (expert opinion). It's usually not needed to diagnose the disease, but results that don't show antibodies might suggest another cause of hyperthyroidism. '", "Michael Emerson Reflects on Lost , Looks Ahead to the Finale", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Emerson&oldid=1141433367, Episode: "Amazing Andy and His Wonderful World of Bugs", In 2000, played the unnamed narrator character in the radio play adaptation of the, In 2003, participated in a staged reading of a play involving, In 2003, was the voice of George Washington in, Co-narrated with Peter J. Fernandez, the audio book version of, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 01:33. include protected health information. Graves' disease. Goulis, Dimitrios G. No, the two are not the same. Tambascia, Marcos Antonio He or she may also discuss your medical and family history. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Barrios, Diego If someone has an autoimmune condition, it does not mean they are immunocompromised. Thyroid hormones affect many body systems, so signs and symptoms of Graves' disease can be wide ranging. Tam, Abbas Ali Called Graves dermopathy or pretibial myxedema, the condition usually affects your shins but can also develop on the top of your feet and other parts of your body. Tamilia, Michael Goretzki, P.E. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. This is known as hyperthyroidism. Other causes include: To diagnose Graves disease and hyperthyroidism, a doctor may: A doctor may also perform thyroid tests to check for hyperthyroidism. TSI acts like thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), a hormone made in your pituitary glandthat tells your thyroid how much thyroid hormone to make. These disorders probably develop from a combination of genesand an outside trigger, such as a virus. The median TSH receptor antibody concentration was 6.2 IU/L (range, 2.4-32) at diagnosis of Graves disease.A majority of patients who experienced relapse had an increase in FT4 level and a decrease in TSH level shortly after receiving the vaccine, and 9 patients had a normal FT4 level within a median of 42 days (IQR, 31-58). Always talk with your health care provider before you participate in a clinical study. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. That means that TRAb overrides the normal regulation of the thyroid, causing an overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). If your eyelids do not fully close, taping them shut at night or wearing an eye mask can help prevent dry eyes. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. 2016. Graves' ophthalmopathy can also occur even if there's no hyperthyroidism. Read more. : ; how to braid natural hair for beginners; judi franco net worth does michael emerson have graves disease does michael emerson have graves disease Endocrine disorders. does michael emerson have graves disease. Graves' disease is an immune system disorder that results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones (hyperthyroidism). Accessed April 9, 2020. Aygun, Nurcihan Reference Carnell and Valente 2 The reported incidence of nodules in Graves' disease varies between 22 and 45 . and They should not be more susceptible to infections or be more prone to serious illnesses than people without autoimmune conditions. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? 59th ed. It's more likely when severe hyperthyroidism is untreated or treated inadequately. This content does not have an Arabic version. Graves disease is an autoimmune condition that causes the thyroid to overproduce thyroid hormones. Jameson JL, et al., eds. Antithyroid therapy is the easiest way to treat hyperthyroidism. Endocrine disorders. (2021). Michael Gerson is said to have a major depressive condition for which he has been hospitalized more than once. These symptoms can start before or at the same time as symptoms of hyperthyroidism. While Graves' disease can cause many symptoms in various areas of the body, roughly 25%-50% of people will develop symptoms affecting their eyes, known as Graves' disease ophthalmopathy . These drugs may also complicate management of diabetes. Graves' ophthalmopathy results from a buildup of certain carbohydrates in the muscles and tissues behind the eyes the cause of which also isn't known. National Health Service. Hyperthyroidism is the state of having an overactive thyroid that produces too many thyroid hormones. Kang, Ho-Cheol [1][4][5] In 1986, he moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where (from 198693) he appeared in local productions at Theater Jacksonville and The Players by the Sea and worked as a director and teacher[4] at Flagler College. What to know about Graves disease and the immune system. National Organization for Rare Disorders. Kahaly GJ, et al. Radioiodine therapy may worsen symptoms of GO. When part of your thyroid is removed, you may develop hypothyroidism after surgery and need to take thyroid hormone medicine. (48) See my previous article on this. Keratopathy is when the cornea, which is tissue in the front of the eye, becomes inflamed. Isgor, Adnan I can sound like I know what Im doing.. Jan. 6, 2022. On average, 50% of study participants who went into remission during the two-year medication period remained in remission for up to four years, and at 12 years following their treatment course, 45% also remained in remission. We avoid using tertiary references. Graves disease is one of several potential causes of hyperthyroidism. 20th ed. Thyroid scan. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, have a family history of Graves disease or, autoimmune gastritis, which attacks the cells in your stomach lining. Demertzidou, E. Schumm-Draeger, P.-M. Graves disease. Al Mogrampi, Saad Propylthiouracil is often used for women during the first 3 months of pregnancybecause methimazole can, on rare occasions, harm the fetus. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Graves disease is an autoimmune condition that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid. The diagnosis of Graves' Disease does not only depend on thyrotoxicosis. Johnstone M. Kim, MD, is a board-certified ophthalmologist and a practicing physician at Midwest Retina in Dublin, Ohio. and Some measures you can take to help cope with symptoms of Graves' disease include: Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition that can cause various symptoms. Where can I find more information on Graves' disease? Hofmann, M. That said, there are promising medications that may help people go into remission for a longer period of time. In 2006, Emerson began a guest-star role as Benjamin Linus on the serial drama television series Lost. does michael emerson have graves disease. This gives your eyes room to move back to their original position. What are the complications of Graves disease? Hyperthyroidism has different causes. Hffken, H. For tips on quitting, go to Smokefree.gov. Graves' hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. These include: This section answers some frequently asked questions about Graves disease and hyperthyroidism. Start Here. People with Graves' disease usually have lower than normal levels of TSH and higher levels of thyroid hormones. Jameson JL, et al., eds. Skin problems include a condition called Graves dermopathy, or pretibial myxedema. Feature Flags: { Blood tests. Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism and acid reflux may occur together, and there may be a link between the two. You can manage the condition with the use of medications that keep thyroid hormones balanced. Due to their quick action, doctors may prescribe one of these regardless of whether they prescribe one of the other treatment options, which require more time to take effect. Graves disease is an autoimmune condition that causes hyperthyroidism, an overactive thyroid. Symptom relief can only be achieved when the overabundance of thyroid hormones is treated. Sapalidis, Konstantinos Yoon, Jee Hee Braswell-Pickering BA. What to know about thyroid function and hair loss, What to know about hyperthyroidism without weight loss. Graves described the disease in the 19th century. After college, while in New York City pursuing his acting career, Emerson took art classes at The New School and pursued work as a freelance illustrator for about 10 years. Pathogenesis of Graves' disease. When asked to pick his favorite episode of "Evil" so far, Michael Emerson can't list just one. 20th ed. Who are the parents of Michael Emerson? By Angelica Bottaro Treatment Graves' orbitopathy (ophthalmopathy). From The Practicesserial killer William Hinks to Person of Interests life-saving billionaire Harold Finch, Emerson knows how to rock a role, then check it at the door and master the next fascinating one that comes his way. The NIDDK conducts and supports clinical trials in many diseases and conditions, including endocrine diseases. Healthcare providers that may be involved in treatment include: Together, these medical professionals aim to manage and control the function of the thyroid to restore proper levels of thyroid hormone within the body and address the eye symptoms associated with Graves' disease. Thyroid hormones control the way your body uses energy, so they affect nearly every organ in your body, even the way your heart beats. In 1999, he played Willie Oban in The Iceman Cometh. While proper classification can be debated, these patients seem to represent one end of the spectrum of Graves' Disease. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Causes and Risk Factors of Graves Disease, Hyperthyroidism vs. Hypothyroidism: Differences and Symptoms, Medications Used to Treat Thyroid Disease, What to Know About Selenium and Your Thyroid, Graves' ophthalmopathy: epidemiology and natural history, FDA approves first treatment for thyroid eye disease, Influence of cigarette smoking on thyroid gland--an update, An increased appetite accompanied by weight loss, Mood changes, such as an increase in feelings of nervousness, irritability, or anxiety, Excessive sweating or difficulty coping with the heat, General practitioner, who specializes in general medicine and is often known as a persons primary care provider (PCP), Eyelid retraction, which is when lower eyelids retract or fall too low on the eye, Eye protrusion, or bulging, which is when the eyes bulge out of their sockets, Lid lag, which is when the upper eyelid sits in an abnormal position when a person is looking down, Signs of an eye infection, such as swelling or blisters, otherwise known as, A yellow growth or mass forming underneath the conjunctiva. and With proper treatment, a person with the disease can experience reduced symptoms as well as full remission. Emerson married actress Carrie Preston in 1998 in her hometown of Macon, Georgia. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the front of your neck. (2008). AskMayoExpert. It reduces the size of the thyroid gland or nodules, decreasing thyroid hormone levels. Autoimmune means the bodys natural defense system cannot distinguish between a persons own cells and foreign cells, so it mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues. Dealing with eye issues caused by Graves' disease isnt easy, but there are viable options available to you. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the pre-operative ultrasound scan showed diffuse parenchyma (group one; n=70) or nodules (group two; n=80). I have other health conditions. Ross DS, et al. [4], Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 01:33, National Theater Institute at The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center, Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde, Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series, Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television, Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor Series, Miniseries or Television Film, Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor Series, Miniseries or Television Film, The Mystery of Matter: Search for the Elements, Critics' Choice Super Award for Best Actor in a Horror Series, Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series, "Alumnus Michael Emerson wins Emmy Award for work in 'Lost', "Prime-time stars chip in for Charleston Stage fundraiser", "Lost's Michael Emerson Reunites With J.J. Abrams In CBS Pilot, "Michael Emerson & Carrie Preston Lost in Love", "Letters to the Editor, "Cheers for Michael", "Emerson's career took him through Montgomery", "Michael Emerson: 'I've always liked playing ambiguity. Redondo, Katherine These medications don't inhibit the production of thyroid hormones, but they do block the effect of hormones on the body. privacy practices. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2018. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. doi: 10.1159/000490384, [3] Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Ruffilli I, et al. He has won two Primetime Emmy Awards and been nominated for three others, as well as receiving other awards and nominations. Biden first told Democratic Senators during a Capitol Hill luncheon that he would not stand in their way if they wanted to break with the party line and vote . This results in an overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases states the condition affects nearly 1% of people in the United States and is the cause of approximately 80% of hyperthyroidism cases. So I was able to manage that. Insurance Affiliations. Clinical trialsand other types of clinical studiesare part of medical research and involve people like you. COVID-19, a multi-system disease, could potentially play a role in thyroid dysfunction. Graves disease affects nearly 1 in 100 Americans.1 About 4 out of 5 cases of hyperthyroidism in the United States are caused by Graves disease.1, Graves disease is more common in women and people older than age 30.2 You are more likely to develop the disease if you, Untreated, Graves disease can cause serious health problems, including. dark chocolate. It is more common in females and individuals over the age of 30 years. The treatment goals for Graves' disease are to stop the production of thyroid hormones and to block the effect of the hormones on the body. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, How Graves disease affects the immune system, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2018.00540/full, https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/graves-disease, https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hyperthyroidism, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448195/. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Render date: 2023-03-04T13:32:13.283Z Possible complications include double vision. In Graves' ophthalmopathy, inflammation and other immune system events affect muscles and other tissues around your eyes. Lger, J. Leteurtre, E. They can make you feel better within hours. Introduction. and Mayo Clinic. He co-starred with Kate Burton in both Give Me Your Answer, Do! It is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system produces antibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroid hormone. 2016; doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229. Prez, Nashelly When you volunteer to take part in a clinical study, you help doctors and researchers learn more about disease and improve health care for people in the future. Treatment of patients with Graves' disease and the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy. Mayo Clinic. ), Graves' disease, thyroid nodules and thyroid carcinoma, Thyroid nodules in Graves' disease: classification, characterization, and response to treatment, Multicentre study of thyroid nodules in patients with Graves' disease, Thyroid nodules in Graves' disease: implications in an endemically iodine deficient area, Thyroid nodules in Graves disease and the risk of thyroid carcinoma, Thyroid carcinoma with concurrent hyperthyroidism, Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in Graves' disease: a retrospective study a cohort of 103 patients treated surgically, Management of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' and nodular diseases, Concurrent hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma, Thyroid gland: US screening in a random adult population, Occult thyroid pathology in the young adult: an autopsy study of 138 patients without clinical thyroid disease, Occult thyroid carcinoma in Olmsted Country, Minnesota: prevalence at autopsy compared with that in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, The advantage of total thyroidectomy to avoid reoperation for incidental thyroid carcinoma in multinodular goiter, Controversies in the follow-up and management of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, Clinical behavior and outcome of papillary thyroid carcinomas smaller than 1.5cm in diameter: study of 299 cases, Increased aggressiveness of thyroid carcinoma in patients with Graves' disease, Does Graves' disease or thyrotoxicosis affect prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). These block the thyroid glands capacity to make thyroid hormones. Published online by Cambridge University Press: He played a billionaire who teams up with a supposedly dead CIA agent to fight crime in New York City.[13]. A number of medical conditions can cause the signs and symptoms associated with Graves' disease. These prescription medications include propylthiouracil and methimazole (Tapazole). This is particularly important if a person is pregnant or planning to conceive. They dont stop thyroid hormone production. Sadoul, J.-L. OK! Radioiodine therapy isn't used for treating pregnant women or women who are breast-feeding. Graves' disease is an autoimmune thyroid condition that affects approximately 3% of women and 0.5% of men at some point in their lifetime.1 This disease was first observed by Irish physician Robert Graves in 1835.. It often occurs on the shins and on the tops of the feet. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.10.001, [4] Rotondi M, Virili C, Pinto S, et al. While taking antithyroid drugs, call your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms. Your doctor will take your medical history and perform a physical exam to look for signs of Graves disease. They control the glands hyperactivity without permanently damaging it. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. ET. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of thyroid carcinoma in Graves' disease patients, with and without ultrasonographically identified nodules, who subsequently underwent surgical treatment. It typically affects the shins and tops of the feet. In Graves disease, TSI causes the thyroid to overproduce thyroid hormone, which can affect how the body uses energy. Acting was Emersons first vocational choice. All rights reserved. Make a donation. Has data issue: true 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. 2018. Here's what we know about Wendy Williams' Graves' disease, COVID diagnosis, lymphedema and other health concerns after it was announced she won't return to her talk show. If we combine this information with your protected Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Although anyone can develop Graves' disease, many factors can increase the risk of disease, including: Complications of Graves' disease can include: Thyroid storm. Your thyroid uses iodine to make thyroid hormones. For eye problems associated with Graves disease, treatment may involve: A person typically requires ongoing treatment for Graves disease unless they have received surgery that has effectively treated their condition. Beta-blockers are drugs that block the action of substances, such as adrenaline, on nerve cells. Zielke, A. As it is such an effective treatment, it is a very common option. This condition is treatable with a daily dose of thyroid hormones. Symptoms of Graves' ophthalmopathy may even get worse for three to six months. Because this treatment causes thyroid activity to decline, you'll likely need treatment later to supply your body with normal amounts of thyroid hormones. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. But signs and symptoms of ophthalmopathy may appear years before or after the onset of hyperthyroidism. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Thyroid hormones affect many body systems, so signs and symptoms of Graves' disease can be wide ranging. We link primary sources including studies, scientific references, and statistics within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Untreated hyperthyroidism can lead to severe health problems. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Widespread enlargement of the thyroid can expand the gland well beyond its typical size (left) and cause a noticeable bulge in the neck (right). Endocrinol Metab. 2020;34(1):101388. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2020.101388. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Graves' disease is caused by a malfunction in the body's disease-fighting immune system. In: Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2020. Therefore, having Graves disease does not mean that someone will find it more challenging to respond to an infection. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Any person with symptoms of hyperthyroidism should contact a doctor. Some treatments include: With this therapy, you take radioactive iodine (radioiodine) by mouth. Living with Graves' disease can be difficult because of the variety of symptoms that can occur. With Graves' disease, your immune . Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Kaya, Cafer What are the symptoms of Graves disease? information submitted for this request. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Learn more. Recent studies suggest that there may be a higher risk of thyroiditis in the setting of SARS-CoV-2, and several cases of Graves' disease have been repor Heat sensitivity and an increase in perspiration or warm, moist skin, Weight loss, despite normal eating habits, Enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter), Thick, red skin usually on the shins or tops of the feet (Graves' dermopathy), Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations). Accessed April 9, 2020. Special eyeglass lenses may help reduce double vision, if you have it. Aside from bulging eyes, Graves' disease can cause other symptoms, such as: Treating Graves' disease eye effects requires a multifaceted approach. Leaving Graves' disease untreated can lead to worsened symptoms and an increased risk of serious health repercussions. With other causes of hyperthyroidism such as nodulessmall lumps in the glandthe iodine shows up in a different pattern. Papadakis MA, et al., eds. [9] The two teamed up again, with Emerson portraying Preston's next-door neighbor, in the film Ready? Mascarella, Marco A. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? Preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time with your doctor. At present, his age is67 years old. [10], Emerson was nominated in 2009 for a Golden Globe Award in the Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role category. What's the most likely cause of my symptoms? Nguyen CT, et al. Hyperthyroidism is usually treated with medicines, radioiodine therapy, or thyroid surgery. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Ozguven, Banu Yilmaz almonds. colonel sanders mississauga hospital; boxing popularity by year; pop n' taco net worth https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. These tests can measure the levels of your thyroid hormones and also check for TSI. In Graves' disease for reasons that aren't well understood the immune system produces an antibody to one part of the cells in the hormone-producing gland in the neck (thyroid gland). Al Jassim, Abrar Wmeau, J.-L. A magnesium deficiency may also worsen symptoms associated with Graves' disease. Some graves remained in a side lot for years. Have you observed any change in your menstrual cycle? He won the award in 2009 after being nominated for his role in the fifth season. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts. Read our, What to Eat When You Have Graves' Disease. Kahaly GJ, et al. Moura Neto, Arnaldo Michael Yo and Devyn . Leonard Wartofsky, M.D., M.A.C.P., Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University Hospital. Oviedo, Hernn 2016; doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity. This causes your thyroid gland to shrink, and symptoms lessen gradually, usually over several weeks to several months. He once pointed out that working with his wife was "a little tricky.". Nguyen CT, et al. Gotthardt, M. New reports show a prevalence of COVID-related thyroiditis. Sencha, Alexander N. We aimed to study a possible association between alcohol intake and autoimmune Graves' hyperthyroidism. McHenry, Christopher R. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. and } All rights reserved. Accessed May 27, 2020. Anti-thyroid drugs may also be used before or after radioiodine therapy as a supplemental treatment. Hyperthyroidism. Kl, Fevzi Balkan Mehmet [11], On July 31, 2010, Emerson and Preston read A.R. Because the thyroid needs iodine to produce hormones, the thyroid takes the radioiodine into the thyroid cells and the radiation destroys the overactive thyroid cells over time. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity. Annie Moussin designer intrieur. What is the link between hyperthyroidism and acid reflux? Papoulidis, N. [1] The two later starred together in Straight-Jacket (2004). Emerson and Preston met in 1994 during a production of "Hamlet" at the Alabama Shakespeare Festival in Montgomery, Alabama. Endokrynol Pol. Thyroid nodules are frequently found in cases of Graves' disease. Graves disease is one of several potential causes of hyperthyroidism. A person with hyperthyroidism has too many thyroid hormones in their body. Accessed April 9, 2020. He received an Emmy Award nomination in the Outstanding Supporting Actor category in 2007 and 2008 for his work in the third and fourth seasons. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. A person with Graves' disease is not more prone . Graves' disease. what does a brown hare patronus mean; crenshaw high school famous alumni. Hyperthyroidism has many causes, such as infection, pregnancy, and iodine overexposure. Elizabeth Fisher/CBS. One example is atenolol (Tenormin). Triggers include stressful life events and smoking.6. Although Graves' disease may affect anyone, it's more common among women and in people younger than age 40. Thyroid hormones are vital to the functioning of the body. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Graves' disease is treatable, even if its something you have to manage for the rest of your life. And while I have written about some of the individual adaptogens in past articles, I have decided to put together an article which discusses five specific adaptogenic herbs that can benefit those with thyroid and autoimmune thyroid conditions. Braswell-Pickering BA. The following tips may help you control mild symptoms. Medications include beta-blockers and antithyroid drugs: These block the action of thyroid hormones in the body. Graves disease: clinical manifestations, immune pathogenesis (cytokines and chemokines), and therapy.