is behr dynasty water based

* Important Disclaimer: Coverage calculator results are to be used only as estimates. Intermix containers of the same product to ensure color and sheen uniformity. Stir paint occasionally. Ideal for Masonry, Stucco, Galvanized Metal, Vinyl, Aluminum, Wood, Concrete and on glossy surfaces or oil-based paint. Product price is estimated. A semi-gloss enamel sheen is sleek and radiant with a hard, durable finish. Step 1. The information provided on this website is not intended to be a replacement or substitute for professional advice. See ourprivacy policy. Wood and vinyl walls and siding; brick and other masonry; fences. S480-5. L2201 is a high performance fast-dry multi-surface clear primer developed to seal porous surfaces inside and outside your home.Particularly effective for same color painting, KILZ KLEAR Primer will bond and seal porous and chalky surfaces with little change to current color. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights, which may vary from state to state. Set the right curb appeal with exterior painting efforts that last. It is equipped with high levels of sheen, fade resistance, and adhesion. Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty features a level-up system, unlike anything we saw in Team Ninja's previous Nioh games. 4450 delivers remarkable dirt and fade resistance for exterior application. If a paint contains a high level of volume solids, it tends to be thicker than paint with lower levels. He said Dynasty is Behrs newest paint line. Check out the below inspirational images for creative ideas to get you started, all featuring BEHR DYNASTY Interior paint one coat-hide colors. A collaboration between HGTV Canada and Behr Paint Company, this five episode series from @hgtvcanadas resident DIY creator Maca Atencio , inspires followers to tackle simple yet impactful home projects using Behrs award-winning array of paints and stains available exclusively at The Home Depot Canada. of adhesives to smooth surfaces. Get better color and one-coat coverage Fast Drying Water-Based wood stain from Behr that can be applied to, and protect, most wood surfaces. Brushing BEHR PREMIUM Cabinet paint can be done with a nylon brush. 10-Year Color Fade Protection*: Keep colors looking vibrant and new for longer with BEHR DYNASTY Exterior Paint, designed to withstand challenging UV sun-exposure. The BEHR Urethane Alkyd Satin Enamel provides the performance and durability of a traditional oil-based paint with the ease of use and convenience of a water-based paint. As you form opinions about Behr Dynasty vs. Learn more. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. Dont Miss: How To Paint With Water Colors. Marquee Paint: Whats the Difference? states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental, consequential, or punitive damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This level of durability coupled with exceptional cleanability means you can keep your space beautiful without having to worry and your walls are protected from start to finish. So dont worry about the weather a little rain is no match for BEHR DYNASTY Exterior Paint. Rinse and allow to dry. The stain blocking technology keeps the finish looking newer longer. BEHR Water-Based Spar Urethane is a clear . Behr offers its most popular can't go wrong colors, delivered to your door with paint supplies. Behr Premium Plus vs. Ultra: Whats the Difference? La peinture et apprt bloque-taches fini mat pour plafonds BEHR MARQUEE fait partie de la gamme de peinture la plus perfectionne de Behr. Yet, if you want to save some money, Marquee is still a premium, one-coat paint offering greater durability than many other mid-range paints. Yes, please send me BEHR news and special offers via email. The levels vary by finish across both paint lines, but all options contain VOC amounts of less than 50 g/L, which is well below the federal limit. 2 coats BEHR DYNASTY Interior Paint Wood: Self-prime using 2 coats of BEHR DYNASTY Interior Paint or 1 coat BEHR Kitchen, Bath & Trim Interior Stain-Blocking Primer & Sealer No. As to my favorite Behr paints: Behr Ultra is the best value for most wall surfaces. pre-treat wood prior to any stain project. A semi-gloss enamel sheen is sleek and radiant with a hard, durable finish. High-gloss is the most costly, but it is also the most durable. Kitchens, bathrooms, doors, windows, trim, cabinets, shutters, interior furniture. Use BEHR ULTRA SCUFF DEFENSE as a primer for properly prepared uncoated or painted interior surfaces, including woods that contain tannins (two primer coats required for redwood and cedar) and heavily stained areas. BEHR DYNASTY . A high-performance paint & primer , BEHR DYNASTY is everything you want in a paint all rolled into one, repelling stains and resisting scuffs with the one-coat coverage you expect from our most premium paint line. Rust-Oleum Hammered Bronze Metallic Spray Paint . Fields with an asterisk (*) are required. However, if you have an exterior project, Marquee is the only option for that job. Simply select your favorite boards, then your favorite images (up to six) and Pins to Palettes will create a custom color palette based on your pins. Knowing your location allows us to tailor info for you. Is behr paint water based or oil. THIS WARRANTY IS NOT VALID WHEN THE PRODUCT IS NOT PROPERLY APPLIED TO A PROPERLY PREPARED SURFACE OR CARED FOR IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Behr Dynasty does not offer exterior paint, while Marquee is available in both interior and exterior formulas. Of course, prices will vary depending on which finish you choose, but in general, Behr Dynasty interior paint is slightly more expensive than Marquee interior paint. The goal of the series is to build confidence in homeowners to create a space that is uniquely theirs. Family rooms, living rooms, kids' rooms, bathrooms, dining rooms, ceilings. Pick from a few popular topics below or browse through our how-to content to find whats right for your next paint project! Kitchens, bathrooms, doors, windows, trim, cabinets, shutters, interior furniture. Hi-Gloss enamel sheens provide have a brilliant, shiny appearance and a durable, glass-like finish that allows dirt and grime to be wiped clean. BEHR Water-Based Spar Urethane is a clear . Wood and vinyl walls and siding; brick and other masonry; fences. Apply when air and surface temperatures are between 50-90F (10-32C). Formulated for easy clean-up with soap and water; BEHR DYNASTY is a GREENGUARD GOLD Certified product. If this product is found not to perform as specified on the label during the warranty period, Behr Process Corporation will, at its option and upon presentation of proof-of-purchase (the original receipt), either furnish an equivalent amount of new product or refund the original purchase price of this product to you. If you want a budget brand, look at Behr Premium Plus. Its our most fade-resistant, long-lasting paint with UV and early rain-resistance. As an Amazon Associate, Prudent Reviews earns fees when you click on links within our articles and make qualifying purchases. See how the beauty and durability of BEHR DYNASTY Exterior Paint can upgrade your home. Is Behr Exterior paint latex based. addresses with a comma. Valid only when tinted to colors from the BEHR DYNASTY & MARQUEE Interior One-Coat Hide Color Collection. For latex- or water-based paints, always clean with soap and water. Product price is estimated. a hard texture, making it ideal for applying all types In contrast, Behr's Dynasty is a premium one-coat paint that's also stain-repellent, scuff-resistant, and fast-drying. They are both available in a variety of colors. Before I share my recommendation, lets recap the similarities and the differences: Bottom line Dynasty and Marquee interior paint lines are very similar because they both offer one-coat coverage, fast dry times, and high stain resistance. x 1/4 in. Consider the example of painting a room. Use the links below to navigate the comparison: First, Ill cover the similarities between the Behr Dynasty and Marquee paint. Yes, please send me BEHR news and special offers via email. Dynasty interior is available in the following finishes: Marquee interior is available in the following finishes: Marquee exterior is available in the following finishes: What are volume solids, and what do you need to know about them before choosing a paint brand and type? Would you like us to send you Behr news and special offers via email? Hes studied consumer buying behavior for 10+ years and has managed marketing campaigns for over a dozen Fortune 500 brands. Get the look you want and the protection you need for any room in your home. local Home Depot pricing. BEHR DYNASTY Interior paint better protects your home from everyday objects to keep your painted surfaces picture perfect. Learn More. Environmental factors, such as cold temperatures, high humidity, and high altitude, may increase or decrease drying times. Volume solids vary based on the formula (interior or exterior) and finish. addresses with a comma. By creating an account that includes your personal information, you are agreeing to our Privacy Policy. . Stir paint occasionally. Learn more about preparing a room to paint for the best results. Use BEHR DYNASTY paint as a primer for repaired or uncoated surfaces, including woods that contain tannins and heavily stained areas (two primer coats required for redwood and cedar). A primer coat may be needed on some surfaces. needed. Provides a tough, non-stick surface helping to prevent dirt adhesion, while UV protection technology delivers longer lasting color. Until 2021, Marquee was Behrs most premium (and expensive) paint. See our. This easy-clean flat provides excellent touch-up, exceptional durability, hide and a non-reflective matte appearance. Ive used Behr Premium Plus paint before on walls, and while Im not a huge fan of the brand, the paint covered fine and got the job done, but this was my first time using the alkyd enamel. est. Stir paint occasionally. This revolutionary paint delivers on all of your painting needs. Set the pressure by turning the sprayer's adjustment knob to the lowest setting. Behr Process Corporation reserves the right to inspect any and all application of the product prior to processing your claim made under this warranty. Step 1. Coatings World echoed Behrs description of Dynasty as Behrs most innovative new product in company history. The new pant line is praised for its four-in-one formula that combines one-coat coverage, scuff resistance, stain blocking, and fast drying in one can. We know how daunting it can be to choose a color, so we created Color Discovery to help. Air temperature is another crucial factor, and you need to paint exterior paint while the air temperature is between 60- and 85-degrees Fahrenheit with little wind. Suitable for sealing torn drywall facing paper, dried wallcovering adhesive, hot joint compounds, concrete and stucco with surface pH up to 12.5. PAINT, WOOD stippling and applying sand paints. Coverage, dry time, and stain blocking are identical for Dynasty and Marquee paint. See our privacy policy. pre-treat wood prior to any stain project. It may stick to the roller when you brush.We think now you know is Behr marquee paint water based or not. is not transferable. When I asked if its worth spending more for Dynasty, he said that both are high-quality, durable paints, but Dynasty will hold up better in high traffic areas or on walls that must be washed frequently (like near the kitchen sink or the stove). Doors, trim and shutters; Exterior furniture. Learn More. Only the binding agent, pigment, and additives remain creating the volume solids. This revolutionary paint takes exterior performance to the next level. It's time to let the roller do the work. It will also resist moisture, fading and stains. BEHR DYNASTY Interior Semi-Gloss Enamel is our most advanced interior paint. Twenty-four hour dry-time is the optimal period of time for this type of paint to dry to the touch. . The solvent, such as water, oil, or alkyd, is the liquid portion of the paint that helps you apply it to the walls in the room. KILZ KLEAR Primer is a tough, flexible and breathable film to offer years of service. Some needed. Remove all dust with a damp cloth, allow to dry. verifying your measurements and assumptions. Read consumer reviews to see why people rate Behr Premium Plus Interior Eggshell Enamel 3.8 out of 5. The following product(s) is recommended when stripping is However, it is not quite so. Based on predictive lab testing with . 2022 PaintAdvice.net | Contact us: contact@paintadvice.net, BEHR Paint | How to Stain a Chair with BEHR Fast Drying Water-Based Wood Stain, BEHR Paint: Appreciation ft. BEHR PREMIUM Wood Stain, How-To: Apply Behr Premium 1-Part Epoxy Concrete & Garage Floor Paint, How to Trick The Expert | Presented by BEHR, Difference Between Milk Paint And Chalk Paint, whether it is an interior or an exterior paint, the humidity level in a room where you use the paint, temperature in a room where the paint is used. It will minimize the appearance of minor surface imperfections. THIS WARRANTY IS NOT VALID WHEN THE PRODUCT IS NOT PROPERLY APPLIED TO A PROPERLY PREPARED SURFACE OR CARED FOR IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LABEL DIRECTIONS. pre-treat wood prior to any stain project. You see, to know exactly how fast your paint will dry to the touch, you need to know the following: If, for instance, we talk about Behr interior paint, its drying conditions must be the following. To obtain warranty service, call 1-800-854-0133. Get a feel for the sprayer by spraying a piece of scrap lumber or cardboard. We also test replacement windows, roofing, siding, and wood stains. Darker colors may require additional dry time. Guaranteed one-coat hide in over 1,000 colors saving you time and allowing you to enjoy your home. But this increased durability also comes at a higher price, costing an extra $7 per gallon than Marquee. BEHR DYNASTY . First determine if the paint needs to be thinned. Ultra Pure White Eggshell Enamel Interior Stain-Blocking Paint & Primer. Use BEHR DYNASTY Paint as a primer for uncoated, porous or repaired interior surfaces, including woods that contain tannins (two primer coats required for redwood and cedar). BEHR DYNASTY Paint & Primer Interior Eggshell Enamel is our most advanced interior paint. You can expect to use two coats, but it contains additives to make it scuff- and stain-resistant. A satin enamel sheen has a pearl-like finish that's easy to clean. thin with water at a rate of no more than 237 ml per 3.75 L. . Weve raised the bar (again) on exterior paint. See our. Our tool makes it easy. Behr Process Corporation warrants to the original residential consumer purchaser (you) the performance of this product as described on this label for so long Allow new stucco, plaster and masonry to cure for 30 days before painting. . Water-based paints such as Behr's Scuff Defense paint and primer will take more than one coat to achieve desired results. Marquee exterior is available in over 700 colors. For disposal of empty containers, unused paint and soiled rags, contact your household refuse collection service. Featuring our most advanced stain repellency and unmatched scuff resistance to keep the surfaces of your projects looking newer longer, and fast-drying technology that will get you back to using your spaces quicker. Lock . Marquee exterior paint can cover 250-400 square feet per gallon. BEHR DYNASTY Interior paint gets you out of project-mode and back into living-mode faster. What is the temperature where you have used your paints. Explore, coordinate and preview your color choices in room images. BEHR MARQUEE Exterior Semi-Gloss Paint Stain Blocking Paint & Primer No. To learn more about Behr paint and compare prices, please visit Behr.com and HomeDepot.com. Once all of the paint has been removed, hit it on the side of the bucket to remove excess water. BEHR DYNASTY Interior Semi-Gloss Enamel is our most advanced interior paint. Scuff sand glossy surfaces and repair imperfections. Marquee Paint: Whats the Difference? Knowing your location allows us to tailor info for you. Ideal for every room and provides a durable low luster reflective finish. This professional quality finish offers excellent flow and leveling with easy water clean-up. stippling and applying sand paints. A semi-gloss enamel sheen is sleek and radiant resisting mildew, moisture and wear. Depot, EXTERIOR Formula is also low odor. Longer dry time required in cooler temperatures and higher humidity. But how can we figure out how long we shall leave the paint we are using on the surface to let it dry completely? BEHR PREMIUM PLUS Interior Semi-Gloss Enamel Paint is a 100% acrylic paint & primer that contains an antimicrobial agent to help protect the surface of the paint film from mold and mildew. Dip the brush into the water and massage it with your fingers. You May Like: Paint Horses For Sale In Texas. if using a sprayer and thinning is required, thin with water at a rate of no more than 1/2 pint per gallon. BEHR DYNASTY Interior Eggshell Enamel is our most advanced interior paint. Behr Dynasty does not offer . This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights, which vary from state to state. It is formulated to withstand wear, and will also resist moisture, fading and stains. Behr Process Corporation warrants to you, the original residential consumer purchaser, the performance of this product as described on this label for so long as you reside in your home. This will provide a fairly smooth finish but not quite a glass-like finish that may be desired for cabinet painting. PRODUCT USAGE AND APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS. Polyester Adhesive Roller Cover has Marquee is really a very good quality cover but it is very difficult to work with. That said, it is also less durable in that exterior paint of a lower grade will chip and become susceptible to imperfections over time. The paint film is also able to resist rain as early as 60 minutes after application. See ourprivacy policy. Get better coverage and durability that resists mildew in the Oil-Base paints from Behr that can be applied to and protect most vertical surfaces. Block existing stains from showing through your fresh coat of paint without the need for a separate product. Do not thin if using a roller or brush; however, if using a sprayer and thinning is required, thin with water at a rate of no more than 1/2 pint per gallon. They are both easily cleaned with water and mild detergent. Find your perfect color! 75 2 coats BEHR DYNASTY Interior Paint Stain-Blocking: Self-prime using 2 coats of BEHR DYNASTY Interior Paint or 1 coat BEHR Kitchen, Bath & Trim . An eggshell enamel sheen has a soft, velvety appearance that resists dirt and grime, as well as mildew. Get better wood prep for water-based stains with Water-Based Pre Stain Wood Conditioner from Behr that can be applied to most wood surfaces. Set the right curb appeal with exterior painting efforts that last. This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights, which vary from state to state. But in other situations, youll need to use primer before you paint. Family rooms, living rooms, bedrooms, kids' rooms, hallways, dining rooms. Intermix containers of the same product to ensure color and sheen uniformity. Scuff sand or etch metals. Although all paints are available in semi-gloss, some finishes differ between Dynasty and Marquee. (ft), California Transparency in Supply Chain Act Disclosure, BEHR Paint Company Commitment to Accessibility. This product contains an antimicrobial agent to protect the surface of the paint film from mold and mildew. Water-based primer (also known as latex primer) is suspended in water. Plus, I share what paint experts say about both options. MPI # 39, MPI #50, MPI #137, MPI #147, Also Check: Where To Find Benjamin Moore Paint. Keep in mind that Dynasty is Behrs newest line of paint, debuting in 2021, so it still hasnt yet built a reputation like Marquee. Additives infuse the paint with different features such as stain blocking or self-leveling. BEHR DYNASTY Paint & Primer Interior Semi-Gloss Enamel is our most advanced interior paint. COATINGS, Length if using a sprayer and thinning is required, thin with water at a rate of no more than 1/2 pint per gallon. (That's actually one of my little trade secrets.) Selecting the right paint helps your paint job last longer. As one of Sherwin-Williams' newest formulations, the Emerald line of water-based paints is described as "a finish that withstands wear and tear and goes on in fewer coats." Emerald Urethane Trim Enamel comes highly recommended from professionals for painting and refacing kitchen cabinets, but they warn that using the wrong brushes and . . You're just a few clicks away from finding the perfect color for your next project. Doors, trim and shutters; Exterior furniture. If this product is found not to perform as specified on the label during the warranty period, subject to the exceptions outlined herein, Behr Process Corporation will, at its sole option and upon presentation of proof-of-purchase (i.e., the original receipt), either furnish an equivalent amount of new product or refund the original purchase price of this product to you. Get the look you want and the protection you need for any room in your home. For this project, my customer wanted the trim and doors in the room painted with Behr alkyd semi-gloss enamel, and I thought this would be a good opportunity to review this paint. Learn about all things color through the eyes of our expert color team at Behr. Based on predictive lab testing with a color shift less than Delta E of 5 as measured by CieLAB. SELECT PRODUCT Compare. Features. 9850 is a 100% acrylic paint and primer in one. Cabinets and trim; high-traffic, high-moisture areas, Kids' rooms, hallways, kitchens, bathrooms, doors, windows, trim, cabinets, shutters. Combined with our BEHR DYNASTY & MARQUEE One-Coat Color Collection color options, BEHR DYNASTY delivers our toughest durability to provide you with a worry-free painting experience. A flat sheen is non-reflective, and easy to apply and touch up. BEHR DYNASTY Exterior Paint lets you paint when you want, no matter the season, with early rain resistance and low-temperature application. If you paint your house exterior in cooler temperatures between 2 and 7 degrees Celsius and 50% humidity, the drying time will be four hours. Both Dynasty and Marquee interior paints are available in the full range of Behr colors thats over 1,400 colors from which to choose. Read about how this innovative lid helps you and get our best tips for using it. verifying your measurements and assumptions. Not with the BEHR DYNASTY Interior Satin Enamel paint. Please enter your email address. Product price is estimated. This acrylic latex film is mildew resistant and also suitable for sizing walls to promote the easier installation of wallcovering. Remove all dust with a damp cloth, allow to dry. local Home Depot pricing. This warranty is not transferable. Now comes with the new SIMPLE POUR Lid. Consumer Reports does not endorse products or services. Behr Process Corporation cannot guarantee that you will achieve proper results without For disposal of empty containers, unused paint and soiled rags, contact your household refuse collection service. It provides a durable finish that withstands tough elements on both interior and exterior surfaces. needed. It helps inhibit rust and is tintable for dramatic colour changes. Set the right curb appeal with exterior painting efforts that last. Hi-Gloss enamel sheen have a brilliant, shiny appearance and a durable, glass-like finish that allows dirt and grime to be wiped clean. See our privacy policy. A matte sheen has a low-luster, reflective finish that is durable, easy to clean, touches up well and also hides minor surface imperfections. Learn about all things color through the eyes of our expert color team at Behr. BEHR PREMIUM PLUS Oil-Based Primer & Sealer provides a mildew resistant finish and blocks stains from smoke and fire damage. Combined with our BEHR DYNASTY & MARQUEE One-Coat Color Collection color . Premium Plus features the lowest VOC and least expensive features, and the Ultra is the best option for protecting against scuff marks, blocking spots and preventing mild disease. STAIN, FLOOR A flat sheen is non-reflective, and easy to apply and touch up. On semi-smooth surfaces, use a high quality 3/8-1/2" nap roller cover, nylon/polyester brush or an airless sprayer (.015 -.021" spray tip, 60 mesh filter). Highly resistant to chemicals oil and gasoline which reduces the need for maintenance of hard-to-clean interior or exterior floors. store at Home Depot. Heres how the elements work together: Once you paint the room, the solvent (liquid) dissipates as it dries. Yes, please send me BEHR news and special offers via email. Remove loose paint, wash off dirt and grease with detergent, rinse and allow to dry. First, Montage is not an expensive paint, but it still boasts a 10-year warranty, is made from post-consumer latex paint, is a low VOC paint, and finally, is made in the USA. Get back to enjoying your space with doors and drawers that wont stick after just four hours. Do not thin if using a roller or brush; however, if using a sprayer and thinning is required, thin with water at a rate of no more than 1/2 pint per gallon. (ft), Width BEHR PREMIUM PLUS Interior Semi-Gloss Enamel Paint is a 100% acrylic paint primer that contains an antimicrobial agent to help protect the surface of the paint film from mold and mildew. No more waiting and worrying about when its safe to begin enjoying your home again. Plus Exterior Paint covers 250-400 sq. Both Dynasty and Marquee paints are self-priming, meaning they offer the coverage of a primer and a paint all-in-one product. Read CR's review of the Behr Dynasty (Home Depot) paint to find out if it's worth it. Recommended Reading: Difference Between Milk Paint And Chalk Paint. 3900 No.3900. *N/A indicates that paint is not available in that particular finish. You might have thought that drying time is defined by the brand or the type of paint. Use on properly prepared and cleaned coated and uncoated Exterior surfaces. STAIN, FLOOR An eggshell enamel sheen has a soft, velvety appearance that resists dirt and grime, as well as mildew. See our. Offers great protection some say less than oil-based but I havent found that to be true. * . A satin enamel sheen has a pearl-like finish that's easy to clean. Genuine Qi is your currency for levels, and you have the option to spend them on five Virtues. BEHR DYNASTY Designer Collection #DC-001 Whipped Cream Paint. She added that the downside of Dynasty is that its more expensive than Marquee and doesnt come in a satin finish. Fields with an asterisk (*) are required. In thisguide, we provide a lot of tips about BEHR PREMIUM Cabinet & Trim paintfrom how to apply it to how long before you can recoat the product and practicaltips on how to get maximum performance when applying it. BEHR DYNASTY 57 Frost Paint . Longer dry time required in cooler temperatures and higher humidity. Please enter your email address. It is very thick and sticky. This finish resists stains, moisture and wear, provides exceptional durability, hide, and a radiant, sleek appearance. Are you trying to decide between Behr Dynasty and Behr Marquee paint? Flat/matte is the least expensive in both lines because it offers the least amount of durability. Country Living chose Behr Marquee as the top pick for best coverage in its list of the 10 best interior paint brands. See ourprivacy policy. Learn about all things color through the eyes of our expert color team at Behr. See back label instructions for details and warranty limitations. Donning a dust mask and protective gloves, dip a stir stick into the paint for a few seconds, then . Valspar Simplicity Tintable Paint. Find your perfect color! Product price is estimated. Before checking the cure time, it is better to understand how long for Behr paint to dry on certain surfaces. Fields with an asterisk (*) are required. Fields in bold with an asterisk (*) are required. A satin enamel sheen creates a pearl-like finish that's durable and dirt-resistant. pre-treat wood prior to any stain project. For current prices, refer to the table below: To get some expert opinions about the differences between Behr Dynasty and Marquee, I spoke with two paint authorities at The Home Depot. From prep to painting, learn how to get the most out of BEHR DYNASTY Interior Paint with expert advice and step-by-step instructions.