Mikkelsen, Flemming, Knut Kjeldstadli, and Stefan Nyzell, eds. [citation needed], During the five years of German occupation, Norwegians built a resistance movement which fought the German occupation forces with both civil disobedience and armed resistance including the destruction of Norsk Hydro's heavy water plant and stockpile of heavy water at Vemork, which crippled the German nuclear programme (see: Norwegian heavy water sabotage). [127] Norway contains five terrestrial ecoregions: Sarmatic mixed forests, Scandinavian coastal conifer forests, Scandinavian and Russian taiga, Kola Peninsula tundra, and Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands. Other fast-growing religions were Roman Catholicism (78.7%), Hinduism (59.6%), Islam (48.1%), and Buddhism (46.7%).[269]. [97], Historian Gumundur Jnsson say that it would be historically inaccurate to include Iceland in one aspect of the Nordic model, that of consensus democracy. [122], Parts of southeastern Norway including parts of Mjsa have a humid continental climates (Kppen Dfb), while the southern and western coasts and also the coast north to Bod have a oceanic climate (Cfb), while the outer coast further north almost to North Cape have a subpolar oceanic climate (Cfc). Drammen also has a sizeable population of Sikhs; the largest gurdwara in north Europe was built in Lier. All government bills need the formal approval by the monarch before and after introduction to Parliament. [67] In 2011, poverty rates before taking into account the effects of taxes and transfers stood at 24.7% in Denmark, 31.9% in Finland, 21.6% in Iceland, 25.6% in Norway, and 26.5% in Sweden. However, their domestic and foreign policies were directed by a common monarch. in Christopher Ocker, ed. Aside from receiving incentives to take shareable parental leave, Nordic families benefit from subsidized early childhood education and care and activities for out-of-school hours for those children that have enrolled in full-time education. She settled on Eric of Pomerania, grandson of her sister. jQuery(document).ready(function() { [203][204], Norway's main railway network consists of 4,114 kilometres (2,556mi) of standard gauge lines, of which 242 kilometres (150mi) is double track and 64 kilometres (40mi) high-speed rail (210km/h) while 62% is electrified at 15kV 16.7Hz AC. The largest predator on land is the polar bear, while the brown bear is the largest predator on the Norwegian mainland. "The quality of working life: is Scandinavia different?.". The term "the Six Counties" (of Northern Ireland) is also used. According to 2009 mobilisation plans, full mobilisation produces approximately 83,000 combatant personnel. Nevertheless, women are still the main users of the shareable parental leave (fathers use less than 30% of their paid parental-leave-days), foreign women are being subjected to under-representation,[63] and Finland still holds a notable gender pay-gap; the average woman's salary is 83% of that of a man, not accounting for confounding factors such as career choice. The internet code .gb, although allocated to the UK, is virtually unused and UK web domains use .uk. A feature of Michigan that gives it the distinct shape of a mitten is the Thumb. Tumblr. Nice staff and chill members, daily gifs & icons etc is probably a lot easier than you. And its resolution is 1000x1000, please mark the image source when quoting it Png - Freebie Supply Contact Us Icon black Skateboard Icon - Freebie Supply in your server Face emoji discord * - free transparent Purple Rainbow Neon - iOS 14 70+ Icon Pack Icon Contact Us Icon Skateboard! $20. SCO for Scotland, CYM for Wales (Cymru), NI for Northern Ireland, or ENG for England can also be used. [275] In the 1800s, by contrast, poverty and communicable diseases dominated in Norway together with famines and epidemics. [44] According to Ohthere, Normanna lived along the Atlantic coast, the Danes around Skagerrak og Kattegat, while the Smi people (the "Fins") had a nomadic lifestyle in the wide interior. Internationally recognised Norwegian scientists include the mathematicians Niels Henrik Abel and Sophus Lie, who are recognized as some of the most influential mathematicians of all time. [49], The state of Norway has ownership stakes in many of the country's largest publicly listed companies, owning 37% of the Oslo stock market[50] and operating the country's largest non-listed companies, including Equinor and Statkraft. JPG; 600x600 px; 7.6 KB; Print Download. Monash Lens brings you compelling storytelling and expert commentary from our leading academics who are changing the world. Through these big companies, the government controls approximately 30% of the stock values at the Oslo Stock Exchange. Iceland's welfare model is based on a "welfare-to-work" (see workfare) model while part of Finland's welfare state includes the voluntary sector playing a significant role in providing care for the elderly. Berit Nesheim's The Other Side of Sunday was nominated for an Oscar in 1997. It has been suggested that Skai to some extent is modeled on a Smi woman. [215] The plug-in electric segment market share of new car sales is also the highest in the world. [77] Sweden left the union in 1523 under King Gustav I of Sweden. [76] Upon the death of Haakon VI, in 1379, his son, Olaf IV, was only 10 years old. Numerous glaciers are found in Norway. "Treaty of Copenhagen" (2006). At 385,207 square kilometres (148,729sqmi) (including Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (and 323,808 square kilometres (125,023sqmi) without),[12] much of the country is dominated by mountainous or high terrain, with a great variety of natural features caused by prehistoric glaciers and varied topography. Kielland's novels and short stories are mostly naturalistic. Under the Interpretation Act 1978 of the United Kingdom, the legal term British Islands (as opposed to the geographical term British Isles) refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, together with the Crown Dependencies: the Bailiwicks of Jersey and of Guernsey (which in turn includes the smaller islands of Alderney, Herm and Sark) in the Channel Islands; and the Isle of Man. [58] References to England as an island,[59] to an "English passport",[60] or to Scottish or Welsh places as being in England[60][61] are examples of this usage of the term "England". Since then labour-intensive industries and services like factory mass production and shipping have largely been outsourced. Harald V of the House of Glcksburg is the current King of Norway. Oil production did not provide net income until the early 1980s because of the large capital investment that was required to establish the country's petroleum industry. 436 Norwegian merchantmen were sunk by the Kaiserliche Marine during the war, with 1,150 Norwegian sailors losing their lives. The best opinions, comments and analysis from The Telegraph. Though Norway claimed suzerainty over the island prior to the Unions formation, it had long since ceased exercising any administrative control over the European settlements there. Traditionally, English, German and French were considered the main foreign languages in Norway. The patterns are inspired by Nordic nature and by the hygge tradition, with beautiful toned-down colors and simple decorations. In English usage inhabitants or citizens of Iceland, the Faroe Islands and Finland are sometimes included as well. Twitter. Black Discord Icon #165135 . By the late 1990s, Norway had paid off its foreign debt and had started accumulating a sovereign wealth fund. Monash Lens brings you compelling storytelling and expert commentary from our leading academics who are changing the world. Today the majority of ethnic Kven have little or no knowledge of the language. Inequalities and social differences are still present in public health in Norway today. The legislature abolished the death penalty for high treason in war and war-crimes in 1979. By the end of the 11th century, when Norway had been Christianised, the indigenous Norse religion and practices were prohibited. Although all government and parliamentary acts are decided beforehand, the privy council is an example of symbolic gesture the king retains. [13], The Viking age in Scandinavia lasted from approximately 7931066 AD and saw Scandinavians participate in large scale raiding, colonization, conquest and trading throughout Europe and beyond. In brief, the main terms and their simple explanations are as follows: Below is a visual reference guide to some of the main concepts and territories described in this article: The British Isles is a group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Continental Europe. The name ire is used when writing in Irish. Because of this, most politicians and official figures have avoided this usage since the early 20th century. In the ethnic or cultural sense the term "Scandinavian" traditionally refers to speakers of Scandinavian languages, who are mainly descendants of the peoples historically known as Norsemen, but also to some extent of immigrants and others who have been assimilated into that culture and language. Thus, royal politics resulted in personal unions between the Nordic countries, eventually bringing the thrones of Norway, Denmark, and Sweden under the control of Queen Margaret when the country entered into the Kalmar Union. [103] Labour leader Jonas Gahr Stre was sworn in as new prime minister, in a centre-left minority government comprising 10 women and nine men. On most maps, there had been an unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land and the South Pole until 12 June 2015 when Norway formally annexed that area.[154]. [76], Social welfare reforms emerged from the Kanslergade Agreement of 1933 as part of a compromise package to save the Danish economy. According to the terms of the convention, Christian Frederik abdicated the Norwegian throne and authorised the Parliament of Norway to make the necessary constitutional amendments to allow for the personal union that Norway was forced to accept. The Nordic model comprises the economic and social policies as well as typical cultural practices common to the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden). [26] Several sources from around 150 BC to AD 70 include fragments of the travel writings of the ancient Greek Pytheas around 320 BC, use the terms Albion and Ierne[27][28] and have been described as referring to the British Isles, including Ireland, as the Prettanic or Brettanic Islands ( ) or as , literally "the Britains". A key ancient description of Scandinavia was provided by Pliny the Elder, though his mentions of Scatinavia and surrounding areas are not always easy to decipher. Geographically, it is one island, but as a political entity it also includes the smaller offshore islands that are administered as part of its constituent nations England, Wales and Scotland such as England's Isle of Wight, Wales' Anglesey and Scotland's Inner Hebrides, Outer Hebrides, Orkney Islands and Shetland Islands. The corresponding adjective and demonym is Dano-Norwegian. White Flat Taskbar Icons, qBittorrent, white and blue qb logo transparent background PNG clipart size: 256x256px filesize: 5.33KB. 35. tourism, Irish Gaelic and Ulster Scots language boards) on the island of Ireland has increasingly been cross-border. All three languages are commonly employed in communication among inhabitants of the Scandinavian countries. Kola Peninsula tundra: Norway Russia: Northeast Siberian coastal tundra: Russia: Northwest RussianNovaya Zemlya tundra: Russia: Novosibirsk Islands arctic desert: Russia: Scandinavian montane birch forest and grasslands: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Russia: TaimyrCentral Siberian tundra: Russia: Trans-Baikal Bald Mountain tundra: The Courts' strict and formal mission is to regulate the Norwegian judicial system, interpret the Constitution, and as such implement the legislation adopted by Parliament. 0. 1 January 2012", Innvandrere og norskfdte med innvandrerforeldre, 25 April 2013, "Population: Key figures for the population", "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables", "Netto innvandring, etter land. [4] She adopted her great-nephew Eric of Pomerania the same year. In 2012, an official study showed that 86%[235] of the total population have at least one parent who was born in Norway. The Northern Ireland national team retained the name "Ireland" for some fifty years after partition. With increasing concern about assimilating immigrants, since 1 September 2008, the government has required that an applicant for Norwegian citizenship give evidence of proficiency in either Norwegian or in one of the Smi languages, or give proof of having attended classes in Norwegian for 300 hours, or meet the language requirements for university studies in Norway (that is, by being proficient in one of the Scandinavian languages). Web mobile and graphic design projects Icon Encrypt Icon free Woman Icon Robotics Icon Icon. But I think of it as a commitment to use government to make life better for people in a capitalist economy. `` D '' ; 500x427 px ; 57.2 KB ; Print download icons Made. [95], Svalbard was not occupied by German troops, but Germany secretly established a meteorological station there in 1944; the crew was stranded after the general capitulation in May 1945 and were rescued by a Norwegian seal hunter on 4 September. Get the freebies digest. [236] Among these approximately 189,000 are children of immigrants, born in Norway.[236]. Den nordiske trestatsunions epoke 13971521, Copenhagen: Nordisk ministerrd/Gyldendal/Liber, 1979. DenmarkNorway as a historiographical name refers to the former political union consisting of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including the Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The region became notable during the Viking Age which lasted approximately 7931066 AD. Education follows the Bologna Process involving Bachelor (3 years), Master (2 years) and PhD (3 years) degrees. Of these 980,000 immigrants and their descendants: In 2013, the Norwegian government said that 14% of the Norwegian population were immigrants or children of two immigrant parents. The main reason for its failure to survive was the perpetual struggle between the monarch, who wanted a strong unified state, and the Swedish and Danish nobility, which did not. After centuries of close ties between Norway and Denmark, a prince from the latter was the obvious choice for a European prince who could best relate to the Norwegian people. Maps of the Mediaeval, Renaissance and later periods often referred to Albion. Two polar opposite solutions emerged to restructure the Swedish economy, the first being a transition to socialism by socializing the ownership of industry and the second providing favorable conditions for the formation of private capital by embracing neoliberalism. In Northern Ireland, Irishness is a highly contested identity, with fundamentally different perceptions of national identity between unionists (who generally perceive themselves as being British) and nationalists (who generally consider both communities to be part of the Irish nation).[24]. [76] However, the few surviving farms' tenants found their bargaining positions with their landlords greatly strengthened. In 2011, Norway suffered two terrorist attacks on the same day conducted by Anders Behring Breivik which struck the government quarter in Oslo and a summer camp of the Labour party's youth movement at Utya island, resulting in 77 deaths and 319 wounded. Magnus Carlsen, a Norwegian is the current five-time world champion. [82], Various promotional agencies of the Nordic countries in the United States (such as The American-Scandinavian Foundation, established in 1910 by the Danish American industrialist Niels Poulsen) serve to promote market and tourism interests in the region. [12] It has transformed in some ways over the last few decades, including increased deregulation and expanding privatization of public services,[13][11] but is still distinguished from other models by the strong emphasis on public services and social investment. Norway has obtained one of the highest standards of living in the world in part by having a large amount of natural resources compared to the size of the population. Haplogroup I-M253, also known as I1, is a Y chromosome haplogroup.The genetic markers confirmed as identifying I-M253 are the SNPs M253,M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, and L187. European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, "Swedish becomes official 'main language', "Scandinavian Wine? The dead were cremated, and their graves contain few burial goods. Color form on the right: this is a high-resolution transparent Png image in all or ) Public Domain Dedication happy Face emoji - discord thinking emoji Png servers welcome to check icons. [118], The southern and western parts of Norway, fully exposed to Atlantic storm fronts, experience more precipitation and have milder winters than the eastern and far northern parts. [219] A total of 41,089,675 passengers passed through Norwegian airports in 2007, of whom 13,397,458 were international.[219]. There was evidence that generous welfare policies could discourage the pursuit of higher-level education due to decreasing the economic benefits that college education level jobs offer and increasing welfare for workers of a lower education level. National Geographic has listed the Norwegian fjords as the world's top tourist attraction. [212][213][214] In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over 1 in every 100 passenger cars on the roads is a plug-in electric. The name for Skade's father jazi is known in Smi as hci, "the waterman"; and her son with Odin, Smingr, can be interpreted as a descendant of Saam, the Smi population. [211], Norway has the world's largest registered stock of plug-in electric vehicles per capita. Tumblr. The kingdom was established in 872 as a merger of many petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for 1,150 years. The governing body for football in Northern Ireland is called the Irish Football Association (the IFA), having been in existence since some forty years before Partition. Danish, Swedish and Norwegian have since medieval times been influenced to varying degrees by Middle Low German and standard German. Selector Icon Encrypt Icon Free Woman Icon Robotics Icon Crescent Icon 3D Touch Icon Unicef Icon. The Second war of Schleswig followed in 1864, a brief but disastrous war between Denmark and Prussia (supported by Austria). "Democracy Index 2020: In sickness and in health? [265] Other Christian denominations comprise less than 1% each, including 4,000 members in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and 12,000 Jehovah's Witnesses. [11] Karl Knutsson Bonde ruled as king of Sweden (14481457, 14641465 and 14671470), and Christian of Oldenburg was king of Denmark (14481481), Norway (14501481) and Sweden (14571464). The red list of 2010 encompasses 4,599 species. [198] It is the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world. Traditionally the Channel Islands, are included, however these specific islands are geographically part of mainland continental Europe, as they are positioned off the French coast of Normandy. Discord Logo SVG Vector Check out other logos starting with "D" ! Butterfly Black And White - discord icon png pngkit. [72] Norwegians had some affection for King Christian II, who resided in the country for several years. As in other Scandinavian countries, the ancient Norse followed a form of native Germanic paganism known as Norse paganism. Such a welfare state is said to provide a relatively high degree of autonomy, limiting the reliance on family and market. [76] Olaf had already been elected to the throne of Denmark on 3 May 1376. One of the most striking modern buildings in Norway is the Smi Parliament in Krjohka, designed by Stein Halvorson and Christian Sundby. Margaret succeeded in having her and Haakon's son Olaf recognized as heir to the throne of Denmark. in, Lappi-Seppl, Tapio. To upload the AVerified emoji to your Discord server follow these simple steps. Sweden remained more Eurosceptic than Finland, and its struggles affected all the other Nordic countries, as it was seen as "the guiding star of the north", and with Sweden fading away, other Nordic countries also felt like they were losing their political identities. The use of terms depends on context; words and phrases can be grouped into geographical, political, linguistic and sporting terms. Svennung considers the Smi name to have been introduced as a loanword from the North Germanic languages;[24] "Skai" is the giant (jtunn) stepmother of Freyr and Freyja in Norse mythology. Norway's culinary traditions show the influence of long seafaring and farming traditions, with salmon (fresh and cured), herring (pickled or marinated), trout, codfish, and other seafood, balanced by cheeses (such as brunost, Jarlsberg cheese, and gamalost), dairy products, and breads (predominantly dark/darker). [41] To be more specific, Northern Irish is therefore in common usage. Since 2010, Norway has been classified as the world's most democratic country by the Democracy Index.[136][137][138]. 2002. For other uses, see, Location ofthe Kingdom ofNorway(green), Dissolution of the union and the first World War. This expansion and conquest led to the formation of several kingdoms, earldoms and settlements throughout Europe such as the Kingdom of the Isles, Earldom of Orkney, Scandinavian York, Danelaw, Kingdom of Dublin, the Duchy of Normandy and the Kievan Rus'. [20] From 28 September 2021, UK will be the official country code on car registration plates.[21]. 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